基于5L爆炸容器RDX粉尘爆炸特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0554

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用自制5L柱形爆炸测试装置,研究普通工业粉尘铝粉和RDX粉尘在不同浓度下爆炸压力与压力上升速率的变化规律,并与20L球形粉尘爆炸测试装置中数据进行对比,分析2种测试装置在粉尘爆炸测试方面的差异。结果表明:5L柱中测得的炸药粉尘参数相对较小,既减少了实验成本又提高了安全性;不同容积爆炸测试装置对RDX粉尘爆炸压力的影响可以忽略不计,但对RDX粉尘爆炸压力上升速率及铝粉的爆炸特性影响较大;自制5L柱中采用伞帽式喷头的优化设计较好地提升了装置湍流度,使粉尘分布更加均匀;小容器中化学点火具产生的强预热在火焰锋面到达之前影响粉尘,引起部分反应并形成更活跃的混合物,加速了燃烧过程,对铝粉爆炸特性影响较大。

关键词: 粉尘爆炸, RDX粉尘, 爆炸压力, 最大压力上升速率, 测试装置

Abstract:

The explosion pressures and pressure rise rates of ordinary industrial Al dust and RDX dust at different concentrations are studied by using a self-made 5L columndust explosion test device, and the measured data are compared with thosein a 20L spherical dust explosion test device. The differences in the dust explosion pressure tests of the two test devices are analyzed. The results show that the parameters of explosive dust measured in 5L column dust explosion test deviceare relatively small, which not only reduces the experimental cost but also improves the experimental safety. The influences of different volume explosion test devices have negligible effects on RDX dust explosion pressure, but have great influences on the explosion pressure rise rate of RDX dust and the explosion characteristics of Al dust. The analysis shows that the optimal design of umbrella-cap nozzle in the self-made 5L column can improve the turbulence of the device and make the dust distribution more uniform. The strong preheating from the chemical igniter in the small chamber affects the dust before the flame front arrives, causing the partial reactions and forming a more active mixture, speeding up the combustion process, which has a great effect on the explosive characteristics of Al dust.

Key words: dust explosion, RDX, explosion pressure, rate of explosion pressure rise, test device

中图分类号:

X932

姜春蕾, 曹雄, 任炜, 王力, 刘跞仪, 王春艳. 基于5L爆炸容器RDX粉尘爆炸特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(S1): 105-111.

JIANG Chunlei, CAO Xiong, REN Wei, WANG Li, LIU Luoyi, WANG Chunyan. RDX Dust Explosion Characteristics Based on 5L Chamber[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(S1): 105-111.

图/表 7

图1 不同粉尘粒径分布

Fig.1 Distribution of different dust particle sizes

图2 爆炸测试实验装置

Fig.2 Structure diagram of differenttest devices

表1 不同装置中铝粉粉尘爆炸压力数据

Table 1 Explosion pressure data of Al dust in different test devices

铝粉浓度/ (g· m^-3)	最大爆炸压力/MPa		最大压力上升速率/(MPa· s^-1)
铝粉浓度/ (g· m^-3)	5L柱	20L球	5L柱	20L球
300	0.60	0.58	26.32	21.43
400	0.68	0.59	34.09	26.05
500	0.85	0.66	36.91	26.90
600	0.80	0.62	34.67	25.39
700	0.82	0.64	32.80	25.27
800	0.79	0.60	34.57	24.16
900	0.75	0.63	32.40	22.77

图3 铝粉爆炸测试结果对比

Fig.3 Comparison of Al dust explosion test results

表2 不同装置中RDX粉尘爆炸压力数据

Table 2 Explosion pressure data of RDX dust in different test devices

RDX浓度/ (g· m^-3)	最大爆炸压力/MPa		最大压力上升速率/(MPa· s^-1)
RDX浓度/ (g· m^-3)	5L柱	20L球	5L柱	20L球
300	0.58	0.62	8.7	12.58
400	0.74	0.77	18.61	24.10
500	0.92	1.08	23.88	30.39
600	1.06	1.23	33.94	46.71
700	1.30	1.38	43.95	58.11
800	1.44	1.48	49.92	63.86
900	1.59	1.71	56.49	76.88

图4 RDX粉尘爆炸测试结果对比

Fig.4 Comparison of RDX dust explosion test results

图5 压力传播示意图

Fig.5 Pressure propagation diagram

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