履带车辆油气弹簧生热机理和热模型研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0626

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究油气弹簧工作过程中的生热机理,建立油气弹簧参数化热模型。采集试验数据对油气弹簧阻尼示功特性进行数值拟合,得到活塞运动速度-阻尼力关系的数学表达式。对油气弹簧的传热路径和换热特点分析,建立油气弹簧热阻网络模型,计算得到工作过程中油气弹簧2种工作介质的温度变化特性。设计试验对油气弹簧的热模型计算结果进行验证。试验结果表明:阻尼力做功是油气弹簧温度升高的主要热量来源,油液温度比气体温度上升更快、平衡温度更高,该模型可以准确地计算出油气弹簧不同工作介质的温升情况,为油气弹簧热-机耦合动力学研究提供了参考。

关键词: 生热机理, 能量交换, 热阻网络, 温度分布, 平衡温度

Abstract:

A parametric thermodynamic model for the hydro-pneumatic spring of tracked vehicle is established to explore the mechanism of heat generation of hydro-pneumatic spring during working process. The damping indicator characteristics of hydro-pneumatic spring are numerically fitted through test data acquisition, and a mathematical expression of piston velocity-damping force is obtained by data fitting. Based on the analysis of the heat transfer path and characteristics of hydro-pneumatic spring, a thermal resistance network model of hydro-pneumatic spring is established, and the temperature changes of two working medias of hydro-pneumatic spring are calculated. The calculated results of thermodynamic model for the hydro-pneumatic spring are verified by test. The results show that the work done by the damping force is the main heat source for the temperature rise of hydro-pneumatic spring. Under the same working condition, the oil temperature rises faster than the gas temperature and the oil equilibrium temperature is higher. The thermodynamic model can accurately calculate the temperature rise of hydro-pneumatic spring in different working medias, and provides a reference for studying the thermo-mechanical coupling dynamics of hydro-pneumatic spring.

Key words: heat generation mechanism, energy exchange, thermal resistance network, temperature distribution, equilibrium temperature

中图分类号:

TB123

聂维, 何洪文, 孙宇, 万义强. 履带车辆油气弹簧生热机理和热模型研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(10): 3555-3563.

NIE Wei, HE Hongwen, SUN Yu, WAN Yiqiang. Research on the Heat Generation Mechanism and Thermodynamic Model of Hydro-pneumatic Spring for Tracked Vehicles[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(10): 3555-3563.

图/表 17

图1 油气弹簧结构简图

Fig.1 Structure diagram of hydro-pneumatic spring

图2 速度-阻尼力关系

Fig.2 Velocity-damping force relationship

图3 速度-摩擦力关系

Fig.3 Velocity-friction relationship

图4 油气弹簧热阻网络

Fig.4 Thermal resistance network diagram of hydro-pneumatic spring

图5 油气弹簧热力学模型

Fig.5 Thermodynamic model of hydro-pneumatic spring

表1 仿真参数表

Table 1 Simulation parameters

材料参数	数值
油液导热系数/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	0.145
油液比热容/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	1910
油液动力黏度/(N·s·m^-2)	1.35×10^-2
金属导热系数/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	51.9
金属比热容/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	489.9
氮气导热系数/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	2.05×10^-2

图6 不同激励频率下的油液温升仿真结果

Fig.6 Simulated results of oil temperature rise under different excitation frequency

图7 不同激励频率下气体温升仿真结果

Fig.7 Simulated results of gas temperature rise under different excitation frequencies

图8 不同外部风速下的油液温升仿真结果

Fig.8 Simulated results of oil temperature rise under different external wind speeds

图9 不同外部风速下的气体温升仿真结果

Fig.9 Simulated results of gas temperature rise under different external wind speeds

图10 油气弹簧测试实物

Fig.10 Photo of hydro-pneumatic spring test

图11 不同激励频率下的油液温升试验数据对比

Fig.11 Comparison of test data of oil temperature rise under different excitation frequencies

图12 不同激励频率下的气体温升试验数据对比

Fig.12 Comparison of gas temperature rise test data under different excitation frequencies

表2 不同激励频率下仿真-试验数据对比

Table 2 Comparison of simulated and experimental data under different excitation frequencies

频率	时间/ s	油液温度/℃			气体温度/℃
频率	时间/ s	仿真结果	试验数据	相对误差%	仿真结果	试验数据	相对误差%
	7000	79.2	79.9	0.88	27.9	25.3	9.32
1.0	8000	79.5	79.3	0.25	28.0	26.6	5.00
	9000	79.9	81.0	1.38	28.0	25.8	7.80
	7000	130.7	135.9	3.98	45.0	42.7	5.11
1.5	8000	136.4	125.8	7.77	45.1	42.2	6.43
	9000	136.7	126.5	7.46	45.2	42.7	5.53
	7000	166.0	158.1	4.76	60.8	58.8	3.29
2.0	8000	166.6	159.6	4.20	61.0	58.6	3.93
	9000	167.1	159.2	4.73	61.1	60.1	1.64

图13 不同外部风速下的油液温升试验数据对比

Fig.13 Comparison of oil temperature rise test data under different external wind speeds

图14 不同外部风速下的气体温升试验数据对比

Fig.14 Comparison of gas temperature rise test data under different external wind speeds

表3 不同散热条件下仿真-试验数据对比

Table 3 Comparison of simulated and experimental data under different heat-dissipating conditions

风速/ (m·s^-1)	时间/ s	油液温度/℃			气体温度/℃
风速/ (m·s^-1)	时间/ s	仿真结果	试验数据	相对误差/%	仿真结果	试验数据	相对误差/%
	7000	98.6	95.4	3.25	32.8	33.9	3.35
10	8000	98.9	96.7	2.22	32.9	33.8	2.74
	9000	99.3	97.0	2.32	33.0	33.5	1.52
	7000	88.7	88.7	0	29.4	29.1	1.02
12	8000	89.0	87.8	1.35	29.4	30.4	3.40
	9000	89.5	88.1	1.56	29.4	30.5	3.75
	7000	80.2	78.4	2.24	25.2	25.4	0.79
14	8000	80.3	78.0	2.86	25.2	26.6	5.56
	9000	80.5	79.1	1.74	25.2	26.3	4.37

参考文献 20

[1]	朱学斌, 陈喜宝, 高炬, 等. 超重型特种车辆行驶安全性分析与研究[J]. 导弹与航天运载技术, 2006, 286(6): 19-23.
	ZHU X B, CHEN X B, GAO J, et al. Study and analysis of running safety for special purpose over-heavy-duty vehicle[J]. Missile and Space Vehicle, 2006, 286(6): 19-23. (in Chinese)
[2]	贾祺祥. 叶片式液压减振器流场分析及阻尼特性研究[D]. 秦皇岛: 燕山大学, 2019.
	JIA Q X. Research on flow field analysis and damping characteristics of vane hydraulic damper[D]. Qinhuangdao: Yanshan University, 2019. (in Chinese)
[3]	徐广龙, 侯友山, 金昊龙, 等. 基于全液控油气弹簧动态车姿调节关键技术研究[J]. 机床与液压, 2020, 48(14): 45-49. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3881.2020.14.010
	XU G L, HOU Y S, JIN H L, et al. Research on key technology of dynamic vehicle height adjustment based on full-hydraulic-control hydro-pneumatic spring[J]. Machine Tool & Hydraulics, 2020, 48(14) : 45-49. (in Chinese)
[4]	于秋红. 热工基础[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2015.
	YU Q H. Basic thermal engineering[M]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2015. (in Chinese)
[5]	路甬祥. 液压气动技术手册[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002.
	LU Y X. Hydraulic and pneumatic technical manual[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2002. (in Chinese)
[6]	严家騄, 王永青. 工程热力学[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2006.
	YAN J L, WANG Y Q. Engineering thermodynamics[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2006. (in Chinese)
[7]	HUSSAIN E M J, PINJALA D, MADHAVRAO R D, et al. Real-time testing and thermal characterization of a cost-effective magneto-rheological (MR) damper for four-wheeler application[J]. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2023, 45(2): 95.
[8]	ZHANG Y X, GUO K H, WANG D, et al. Energy conversion mechanism and regenerative potential of vehicle suspensions[J]. Energy, 2017, 119: 961-970.
[9]	HRYCIÓW Z, RYBAK P, GIELETA R. The influence of temperature on the damping characteristic of hydraulic shock absorbers[J]. Eksploatacja i Niezawodność-Maintenance and Reliability, 2021, 23(2): 346-351.
[10]	YU W Y, ZHAO L L, ZHOU C C, et al. Modeling and simulation of twin-tube hydraulic shock absorber thermodynamic characteristics and sensitivity analysis of its influencing factors[J]. International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing, 2020, 11(2): 2050012.
[11]	GUO P F, XIE J, GUAN X C. A thermodynamically enhanced mechanical model to study the significant effect of air variation/transport on dynamic performances of magnetorheological dampers[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 2019, 233(1): 160-172.
[12]	骆燕燕, 刘旭阳, 郝杰, 等. 航空电连接器热疲劳失效机理研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2016, 37(7): 1266-1274. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.07.015
	LUO Y Y, LIU X Y, HAO J, et al. Research on thermal fatigue failure mechanism of aviation electrical connectors[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2016, 37(7): 1266-1274. (in Chinese)
[13]	马田, 王志涛, 张欣, 等. 履带车辆电传动系统减速机构热特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(10): 2170-2179.
	MA T, WANG Z T, ZHANG X, et al. On thermal property of reduction gear for electrical transmission system of tracked vehicle[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(10): 2170-2179. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.10.012
[14]	李晔, 李琦, 范涛, 等. 电传动车辆用永磁电机定子绕组等效导热系数获取方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(10): 2215-2222. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.10.017
	LI Y, LI Q, FAN T, et al. Acquisition method for equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient of stator winding of permanent magnet motor[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(10): 2215-2222. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.10.017
[15]	郑慕侨, 冯崇植, 蓝祖佑. 坦克装甲车辆[M]. 北京: 北京理工大学出版社, 2003.
	ZHENG M Q, FENG C Z, LAN Z Y. Tank armored vehicles[M]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 2003. (in Chinese)
[16]	CENGEL Y A, CIMBALA J M. Fluid mechanics: fundamentals and applications[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2018.
[17]	YIN Y M, RAKHEJA S, YANG J, et al. Characterization of a hydro-pneumatic suspension strut with gas-oil emulsion[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2018, 106: 319-333.
[18]	ZHOU C C, GU L, WANG L. Bending deformation and coefficient of throttle-slice[J]. Beijing: Transaction of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2006, 26(7): 581-584.
[19]	CHURCHILL S W, CHU H H S. Correlating equations for laminar and turbulent free convection from a vertical plate[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1975, 18: 1323.
[20]	CHURCHILL S W, BERNSTEIN M. A correlating equation for forced convection from gases and liquids to a circular cylinder in crossflow[J]. ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1977, 99 (1): 300-306.