有界流场中潜艇水压场特性的预报方法和重要特征

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0893

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

潜艇水压场特性是信息化海战场的重要信息源。基于势流理论研究潜艇水压场特性的工程简化预报方法,构建基于兰金体线型的解析模型和基于回转体线型的数值模型,预估多种线型的潜艇水压场特性,并在验证性研究基础上,揭示潜艇线型、潜深等因素对潜艇水压场负压峰值、负压持续时间等重要特征的影响规律。研究结果表明:随着潜深增大,潜艇水压场负压区形状由单峰值的V形逐渐变为U形,甚至双峰值的W形,线型、潜深等因素对重要特征的影响逐渐增强;同一潜深下,随着航速增大,负压持续时间均呈现先突增、后缓降规律,且无论艇体胖瘦,其水压场重要特征在1倍艇长的横距外均已衰减,即该横距外水雷已难以捕捉其目标特性。

关键词: 潜艇水压场, 建模方法, 特性预报, 负压持续时间, 负压峰值

Abstract:

Submarine hydrodynamic pressure field is an important information source in the ocean battlefield. A simplified modeling method of submarine hydrodynamic pressure field is studied with the potential flow theory, and a Rankine body-based analytic model and a rotary body-based numerical model are both established to estimate the characteristics of submarine hydrodynamic pressure field on the bottom.The influences of submarine shape, dive depth, and other factors on the key parameters, such as peaknegative pressure and negative pressure duration, are analyzed based on validation study. The findings show that, as the submarine advances closer to the seabottom, the influences of submarine shape, dive depth, and other factors on the key characteristics become stronger, the shape of negative pressure area changes from V-shape of single peak to U-shape, or even W-shape of double peaks; for the same dive depth, the duration of negative pressure increases sharply and then decreases slowly with the increase in the speed of submarine. Meanwhile, no matter howlarge or smallthe submarine body is, the key characteristics have decayed at the transverse distance of y≥L, that is, it is difficult for the mines outside this transverse distance to detect the submarine.

Key words: submarine hydrodynamic pressure field, modeling method, characteristic prediction, duration of negative pressure, peak of negative pressure

中图分类号:

U661.33

邓辉, 张志宏, 易文彬, 王尔力. 有界流场中潜艇水压场特性的预报方法和重要特征[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(2): 527-540.

DENG Hui, ZHANG Zhihong, YI Wenbin, WANG Erli. Modeling Method and Key Characteristics of Submarine Hydrodynamic Pressure Field in Bounded Flow Field[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(2): 527-540.

图/表 21

图1 舰船航行产生的水底处纵向压力-时间曲线

Fig.1 Bottom pressure-time curve generated by ship

表1 世界部分国家潜艇主要参数[22]

Table 1 Main parameters of submarines in some countries of the world[22]

国家	名称	全长L/m	全宽B/m	细长比ε=B/L	航速v/kn
	“俄亥俄”级核潜艇	170.0	13.0	0.0764	20
美国	“弗吉尼亚”级核潜艇	115.0	10.4	0.0904	30
	“洛杉矶”级核潜艇	110.3	10.0	0.0907	32
	“基洛”级常规潜艇	73.8	9.9	0.1340	20
苏联、俄罗斯	“德尔塔”级核潜艇	167.0	12.0	0.0718	24
	“奥斯卡”级核潜艇	155.0	18.2	0.1174	32
	“拥护者”级常规潜艇	70.3	7.6	0.1080	20
英国	“前卫”级核潜艇	149.9	12.8	0.0850	25
	“机敏”级核潜艇	97.0	11.3	0.1164	32
法国	“凯旋”级核潜艇	138.0	12.5	0.0905	20
日本	“苍龙”级常规潜艇	84.0	9.1	0.1080	20
德国	“214”级常规潜艇	65.0	6.3	0.0969	20

图2 潜艇运动坐标系

Fig.2 Coordinate system of submarine motion

图3 潜艇简化为兰金体的绕流示意图

Fig.3 Schemaric diagram of the submarine simplified as a flow around Rankine body

图4 源强和物面点示意图

Fig.4 Schemaric diagram of source strength and point on body face

图5 源强和场点示意图

Fig.5 Schemaric diagram of source strength and point in flow field

图6 潜艇线型与兰金体线型

Fig.6 Submarine body and Rankine body

图7 潜艇线型与兰金体线型的潜艇水压场纵向压力曲线对比(y=0L)

Fig.7 Comparison of submarine longitudinal pressureson submarine body and Rankine body(y=0L)

图8 潜艇水压场纵向压力曲线的计算与实验结果[2]对比(y=0L)

Fig.8 Comparisons between submarinelongitudinal pressures in calculation and experiment[2](y=0L)

图9 不同潜深下潜艇水压场纵向压力曲线对比

Fig.9 Comparisons of submarine longitudinal pressures at different dive depths

图10 不同潜深下潜艇水压场三维分布

Fig.10 3D distribution of submarine pressure field at different dive depths

图11 负压峰值随横距的变化

Fig.11 Change of negative pressure peak with transverse distance

图12 负压峰值随潜深的变化

Fig.12 Change of negative pressure peak with dive depth

图13 不同ε的兰金体线型

Fig.13 Rankine body shapes at different ε

图14 不同ε的负压峰值随潜深的变化

Fig.14 Change of negative pressure peak with dive depthat different ε

图15 不同ε的潜艇水压场纵向压力曲线

Fig.15 Submarine longitudinal pressures at different ε

图16 不同ε的负压峰值随横距的变化

Fig.16 Change of negative pressure peak with transversedistance at different ε

图17 负压持续时间计算程序示意图

Fig.17 Computer program for negative pressure duration

图18 潜艇航行产生的水底处纵向压力-时间曲线

Fig.18 Bottom pressure-time curve generated during submarine sailing

图19 不同潜深下负压持续时间随航速的变化

Fig.19 Change of negative pressure duration with speedat different dive depths

图20 不同ε的负压持续时间随航速的变化

Fig.20 Change of negative pressure durationwith speedat different ε

参考文献 23

[1]	徐先勇, 刘坚. 海洋战场环境与水雷引信的相关性分析[J]. 水雷战与舰船防护, 2015, 23(3): 46-48.
	XU X Y, LIU J. Relativity analysis between ocean battlefield environment and mine fuze[J]. Mine Warfare & Ship Self-defence, 2015, 23(3): 46-48. (in Chinese)
[2]	张志宏, 顾建农, 邓辉. 舰船水压场[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2016.
	ZHANG Z H, GU J N, DENG H. Ship hydrodynamic field[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2016. (in Chinese)
[3]	倪华, 佘湖清. 国外潜布水雷的现状与发展趋势[J]. 水雷战与舰船防护, 2013, 21(2):1-8.
	NI H, SHE H Q. Current status and development trends of submarine laid mines abroad[J]. Mine Warfare & Ship Self-defence, 2013, 21(2):1-8. (in Chinese)
[4]	魏继锋, 金子焱, 谢鑫, 等. 国外沉底雷技术的发展和启示[J]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2017, 38(4):22-25.
	WEI J F, JIN Z Y, XIE X, et al. Development and enlightenment of bottom mine[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2017, 38(4): 22-25. (in Chinese)
[5]	蔡鹍, 陈焕杰, 周升阳, 等. 水雷引信技术[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2012.
	CAI K, CHEN H J, ZHOU S Y, et al. The technique of mine fuzes[M]. Beijing: National Defence Industry Press, 2012. (in Chinese)
[6]	姜润翔, 张晓兵, 史建伟. 水压场检测技术[M]. 北京: 兵器工业出版社, 2015.
	JIANG R X, ZHANG X B, SHI J W. Hydrodynamic field detection technology[M]. Beijing: Publishing House of Ordnance Industry, 2015. (in Chinese)
[7]	DENG H, WANG K B, ZHANG Z H, et al. A modeling and comparative study of bottom pressure signals generated by waves and ship in shallow water[J]. Ocean engineering, 2022, 263:112399. doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112399 URL
[8]	黎昆, 张志宏, 顾建农, 等. 利用面源法计算潜艇在水底引起的压力分布[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2014, 36(2):29-32.
	LI K, ZHANG Z H, GU J N, et al. Calculation pressure distribution on water bottom caused by a moving submarine by the panel method[J]. Ship Science and Technology, 2014, 36(2):29-32. (in Chinese)
[9]	LISTEWNIK K, GLOZA I, BIELANSKI J, et al. Pressure signature analysis-final report of EDA SIRAMIS Project[R]. Gdynia, Poland:[s. n.], 2014.
[10]	BIELANSKI J. Comparison between measured and calculated underwater pressure of merchant ship[J]. Hydroacoustics, 2015, 18:7-16.
[11]	宋利伟, 贾连徽. 潜体水压场数值模拟[J]. 声学技术, 2016, 35(3):91-95.
	SONG L W. JIA L H. Numerical simulation of hydrodynamic pressure field of submerged body[J]. Technical Acoustics, 2016, 35(3):91-95. (in Chinese)
[12]	叶金铭, 张凯奇, 于安斌. 基于STAR-CCM+的全附体潜艇尾流场数值分析[J]. 海军工程大学学报, 2017, 29(4):53-58.
	YE J M, ZHANG K Q, YU A B. Numerical analysis of wake field for a submarine with full appendage based on STAR-CCM+[J]. Journal of Naval University of Engineering, 2017, 29(4): 53-58. (in Chinese)
[13]	何广华, 刘双, 张志刚, 等. 附体对潜艇兴波尾迹的影响分析[J]. 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 47(10): 56-62.
	HE G H, LIU S, ZHANG Z G, et al. Analysis of influence of appendages on wake-making of submarine[J]. Journal Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2019, 47(10):56-62. (in Chinese)
[14]	POSA A, BALARAS E. A numerical investigation about the effects of Reynolds number on the flow around an appended axisymmetric body of revolution[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2020, 884(A41): 1-38.
[15]	刘双, 何广华, 王威, 等. 附体对分层流中潜艇水动力特性的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(1): 108-117. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.01.012
	LIU S, HE G H, WANG W, et al. Effect of appendages on hydrodynamic characteristics of submarine in stratified fluid[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(1):108-117. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.01.012
[16]	马振富, 孙云鹏, 黄鹏飞, 等. 潜艇水压场及其判别方法的数值模拟研究[J]. 舰船电子工程, 2016, 36(2):67-73.
	MA Z F, SUN Y P, HUANG P F, et al. Numerical simulation of hydrodynamic pressure field of the submarine and discriminant method[J]. Ship Electronic Engineering, 2016, 36(2): 67-73. (in Chinese)
[17]	LI D, YANG Q, ZHAI L, et al. Numerical investigation on the wave interferences of submerged bodies operating near the free surface[J]. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2021, 13:65-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2021.01.002 URL
[18]	DONG K, WANG X Z, ZHANG D L, et al. CFD research on the hydrodynamic performance of submarine sailing near the free surface with long-crested waves[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2022, 10:90. doi: 10.3390/jmse10010090 URL
[19]	LING X, LEONG Z Q, DUFFYJ, et al. Near free surface behaviour of a submarine[C]//Proceedings of the 2022 International Maritime Conference. Sydney, Australia: AMDA Foundation Limited, 2022: 1-11.
[20]	RENILSON M. Submarine Hydrodynamics[M]. 2nd ed. New York, NY, US: Springer, 2015.
[21]	TOXOPEUS S L, KERKVLIET M, VOGELS R, et al. Submarine hydrodynamics for off-design conditions[J]. Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy, 2022, 8:499-511. doi: 10.1007/s40722-022-00261-y
[22]	军情视点. 经典军用舰船鉴赏指南[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2017.
	JUN Q S D. Classic warships appreciation guide[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2017. (in Chinese)
[23]	LIU H L, HUANG T T. Summary of DARPA SUBOFF experimental program data[R]. West Bethesda, MD, US: Naval Surface Warfare Center, 1998.