一种刚柔混合弦向变弯度机翼后缘设计

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0301

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现机翼在驱动控制下实现弦向连续弯度变化,同时考虑材料变形能力,提出一种刚柔混合式变后缘翼型。通过对翼型中弧线进行几何分析,建立变弯度构型参数化模型,并以升阻比为优化目标,计算最优的刚性段下弯角度以及柔性段下弯曲线。利用计算流体力学计算,对比不同攻角下,刚柔混合偏转翼型和传统刚性偏转翼型的升力系数、升阻比等气动特性。以巡航时单位展长所要求升力为优化目标,分别求解低速巡航及降落两种工况下,两种不同后缘翼型的下弯角度及变形方式。对比两种下偏方式的压力分布、速度分布、气流分离位置等流场特性。根据优化构型制造刚柔混合式变后缘机翼模型,并进行变形能力测试。计算结果表明:刚柔混合后缘翼型在同等偏角下,具有更高的升力系数、升阻比,更优的气动特性;而在相同的飞行工况下,刚柔混合后缘翼型下偏角度要求更小,气流分离点更靠后,具有更高的气动效率。通过变形能力试验验证了柔性翼肋结构及蒙皮设计的合理性。

关键词: 弦向变弯度机翼, 翼型中弧线, 刚柔混合, 升阻比, 变后缘机翼模型

Abstract:

In order to realize the continuously chord-wise camber change of a wing under driving control, with material deformation ability considered,, an airfoil with hybrid (rigid-flexible) variable trailing edge is proposed. Through the geometric analysis of the mean camber line of the trailing edge, the parametric model of variable camber configuration is established. Taking lift-drag ratio as the optimization objective, the optimal bending angle of the rigid section and the optimal curve of the flexible section are calculated. The lift coefficient, lift-drag ratio and other aerodynamic characteristics of the rigid-flexible airfoil and traditional rigid airfoil are compared at different angles of attack by CFD calculation. When the lift required by the unit span during cruise is taken as the optimization objective, the bending angles and deformation modes of two different trailing edge airfoils are solved respectively in low-speed cruise condition and landing condition. The pressure distribution, velocity distribution and separation position of the two bending forms are compared. A wing model with rigid-flexible variable trailing edge based on the optimized configuration is fabricated and the deformation capability testing is conducted. The results show that: the rigid-flexible trailing edge airfoil has higher lift coefficient, lift-drag ratio and better aerodynamic characteristics in same deflection angle; in the same flight condition, the rigid-flexible trailing edge airfoil has a smaller deflection angle and a more backward separation point, so it has a higher aerodynamic efficiency. The rationality of the flexible wing rib structure and skin design has been verified through deformation capability testing.

Key words: chord-wise variable camber wing, mean camber line of airfoil, rigid-flexible, lift-drag ratio, variable trailing edge wing model

中图分类号:

V224⁺.5

辛涛, 李斌. 一种刚柔混合弦向变弯度机翼后缘设计[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(8): 2465-2476.

XIN Tao, LI Bin. Design of Trailing Edge of a Rigid-flexible Chord-Wise Variable Camber Wing[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(8): 2465-2476.

图/表 23

图1 翼肋后缘结构布局示意图

Fig.1 Structure layout of wing rib trailing edge

图2 翼型后缘中弧线

Fig.2 Mean camber line of trailing edge of airfoil

表1 翼型状态及环境参数

Table 1 Airfoil state and operating parameters

攻角/ (°)	马赫数	空气密度/ (kg·m³)	空气动力黏度/ (Pa·s)	雷诺数
8	0.2	1.205	1.78938×10^-5	4.58×10⁶

图3 最优翼型优化流程图

Fig.3 Optimization process of optimal airfoil

图4 柔顺翼肋最优变弯度构型

Fig.4 Optimal configuration of flexible rib

图5 刚柔混合型与悬臂梁型变弯度构型对比

Fig.5 Comparison of hybrid rib and cantilever rib

图6 计算网格

Fig.6 Computational grid

图7 升力系数对比

Fig.7 Comparison of lift coefficient

图8 升阻比系数对比

Fig.8 Comparison of CL/CD coefficients

表2 刚柔混合翼型后缘偏转构型

Table 2 Configuration of rigid-flexible trailing edge of airfoil

飞行工况	攻角/ (°)	马赫数	高度/ m	刚性偏角/(°)	柔性偏角/(°)
低速巡航	4	0.35	100	0	8.7
降落工况	8	0.2	0	3.78	15

图9 低速巡航工况压力云图对比

Fig.9 Comparison of pressure nephograms of low-speed cruise

图10 低速巡航工况速度云图及流线对比

Fig.10 Comparison of velocity nephogram and streamline of low-speed cruise

图11 降落工况压力云图对比

Fig.11 Comparison of pressure nephogram of landing

图12 降落工况速度云图及流线对比

Fig.12 Comparison of velocity nephogram and streamline of landing

图13 降落工况翼型上下表面压力系数对比

Fig.13 Comparison of pressure coefficients of upper and lower surfaces of airfoil

图14 基于载荷路径法的拓扑优化流程

Fig.14 Topology optimization process based on load path method

图15 柔顺段拓扑优化设计区域示意图

Fig.15 Schematic diagram of topology optimization design area of flexible section

图16 刚柔混合后缘结构

Fig.16 Rigid-flexible trailing edge structure

图17 刚柔混合变弯度翼型压力系数

Fig.17 Pressure coefficient of rigid-flexible variable camber airfoil

图18 刚性段抽拉式蒙皮设计

Fig.18 Skin in pull mode in rigid section

图19 翼肋末端处上下翼面连接结构

Fig.19 Connecting structure of upper and lower wing surfaces at the end of wing rib

图20 刚柔混合变后缘模型

Fig.20 Rigid-flexible variable trailing edge model

图21 不同驱动下后缘变形形态

Fig.21 Deformation shape of trailing edge under different driving conditions

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