弹用永磁直流力矩电机高频波动的优化设计

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0065

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

永磁直流力矩电机在武器装备领域中应用广泛,为解决弹用永磁直流力矩电机感应电压和电流的高频波动问题,基于高频波动产生的机理,提出一种虚槽设计与优化电刷组件相结合的优化设计方法,使电机能够满足高频波动性能指标要求。虚槽设计能够增加换向元件个数,减小元件匝数,从而减小换向电流;在整流子内壁增加V形齿槽并优化转子成型工艺,便于转子生产。优化电刷组件包括:刷架结构优化、弹簧片优化、电刷头材料优选和电刷磨合工艺优化,以保证电刷的共面性、压力一致性并减少电刷头的磨损。对优化后的电机进行仿真和实验测试。研究结果表明,所提优化设计方法能够有效抑制高频波动,优化后的电机感应电压波动峰峰值降低75.23%,电流波动峰峰值降低76.77%,使电机满足设计指标要求。

关键词: 永磁直流力矩电机, 高频波动, 虚槽, 电刷, 感应电压

Abstract:

The permanent magnet DC torque motor is widely used in weapons and equipment field. In order to solve the high-frequency fluctuations of the induced voltage and current of the permanent magnet DC torque motor for missiles, based on the mechanism of high-frequency fluctuations, an optimization design method combining virtual-slot design and optimized brush assembly was proposed for the motor to meet the requirements of high-frequency fluctuation performance index. The virtual-slot can increase the number of reversing elements and decrease the number of turns of elements, thus reducing the reversing current. V-shaped grooves were added to the inner wall of the commutator and the rotor forming process was optimized to facilitate rotor production. The brush assembly optimization includes: brush frame structure optimization, spring leaf optimization, brush head material optimization and optimization of brush breaking-in technique to ensure the coplanarity, pressure consistency and wear reduction of the brush. The optimized motor was simulated and tested experimentally. The results showed that: the proposed optimization design method can effectively suppress the high-frequency fluctuations; the peak-to-peak value of the induced voltage fluctuation of the motor after optimization was reduced by 75.23%, and the peak-to-peak value of the current fluctuation was reduced by 76.77%, allowing the motor to meet the design requirements.

Key words: permanent magnet DC torque motor, high-frequency fluctuation, virtual-slot, brush, induced voltage

王永嘉, 郭建宁, 张陶鹏, 杨小青. 弹用永磁直流力矩电机高频波动的优化设计[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(5): 1365-1373.

WANG Yongjia, GUO Jianning, ZHANG Taopeng, YANG Xiaoqing. Optimization Design of High-frequency Fluctuations of Permanent Magnet DC Torque Motor for Missiles[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(5): 1365-1373.

图/表 13

图1 永磁直流力矩电机

Fig.1 Permanent magnet DC torque motor

表1 电枢槽数(μ=2)

Table 1 Number of armature slots (μ=2)

整流片节距	电枢槽数	元件个数
9	22	44
	23	46
11	27	54
	28	56
13	32	64
	33	66
15	37	74
	38	76
17	42	84
	43	86
19	47	94
	48	96

图2 虚槽转子结构设计

Fig.2 Structure design of virtual-slot rotor

图3 整流子结构图

Fig.3 Diagram of commutator structure

表2 3种银石墨材料性能对比

Table 2 Comparison of properties of 3 kinds of silver-graphite materials

材料	电阻率/ (μΩ·m)	密度/ (g·mm^-3)	压降/ V	摩擦系数	磨损/ mm
J325	4~10	2.58~2.62	1.5~2.5	≤0.20	≤0.5(25h)
J350	1.5~5.0	3.0~3.5	1.0~1.5	≤0.25	≤0.7(50h)
J360	0.7~1.0	3.0~4.0	0.8~1.2	≤0.25	≤1.4(50h)

图4 感应电动势

Fig.4 Induced electromotive force

图5 测试平台

Fig.5 Test platform

图6 高频波动测试结果

Fig.6 Test results of high frequency fluctuations

表3 实验I测试数据

Table 3 Test data of Experiment I

测试项目	电机	实验序号
测试项目	电机	1	2	3	4	5
高频电压/V	实槽电机	5.87	4.55	5.81	3.44	5.08
	虚槽电机	2.08	1.92	1.84	2.28	2.0
高频电流/mA	实槽电机	480	434	512	300	560
	虚槽电机	198	168	156	212	220

图7 实验I高频数据值分布图

Fig.7 Distribution of high-frequency data values in Experiment I

图8 虚槽电机优化刷架组件后高频波动测试结果

Fig.8 High-frequency fluctuation test results after optimization of virtual-slot motor brush components

表4 实验II测试数据

Table 4 Test data of Experiment II

电机序号	高频电压/V		高频电流/mA
电机序号	优化前	优化后	优化前	优化后
1	2.08	1.30	198	100
2	1.92	1.17	168	101
3	1.84	1.26	156	108
4	2.28	1.28	212	102
5	2.00	1.12	220	120

图9 实验II高频数据值分布图

Fig.9 Distribution of high-frequency data values in Experiment II

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