轴流式喷水推进器启动过程的瞬态特性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.08.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为分析轴流式喷水推进器启动过程的瞬态特性和自吸性能，提高启动过程轴流式喷水推进器的推进性能，开展了推进器启动过程的数值计算研究。在雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程框架下采用SST k-ω湍流模型、Zwart空化模型和Free Surface模型对轴流式喷水推进器的启动过程进行数值计算，分析启动时间和水线高度对喷水推进器启动过程的瞬态特性影响；基于推进泵的试验数据对稳态数值计算方法进行验证，数值结果与试验数据吻合良好。研究结果表明：喷水推进器启动过程存在明显的瞬态特性，流量、扬程都迟滞于转速到达稳定状态，并且启动时间越短，滞后程度越严重；当转速达到0.6倍设计转速时，叶片前缘吸力面开始发生空化，无量纲空穴面积随着转速的增加而增加；在达到相同转速时，启动时间越长，无量纲空穴面积越小，叶片做功能力越强；以泵轴中心线为零基准线，当水线高度大于等于0.15倍叶轮直径时，喷水推进器可以在较短时间内将内部气体完全排出，水线高度越小，扬程和流量滞后越严重。

关键词: 喷水推进器, 启动过程, 瞬态特性, 空化流动, 自吸性能

Abstract: The propulsion performance of an axial flow water-jet propeller during start-up process is improved to study its transient characteristics and self-priming performance. The SST k-ω turbulence model, Zwart cavitation model and Free Surface model are used to study the start-up process of the proposed axial flow water-jet propeller under the framework of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation. The effects of start-up time and waterline height on the transient characteristics of water-jet propeller were analyzed. The steady-state numerical method was verified based on the experimental data of water-jet pump, which is in good agreement with the numerical results. The results indicate that the start-up process show significant transient characteristics. The flow rate and the head reach the stable state later than the rotation speed, and the lag becomes more severe as the start-up time decreases. Cavitation occurs on the suction surface around the leading edge of the blade when the rotation speed is 0.6 times higher than the designed rotation speed. The dimensionless cavity area increases with the increase in the rotation speed. At the same rotation speed, the dimensionless cavity aera is negatively correlated with the start-up time, while the working capacity of the blade is positively correlated with the start-up time. When the waterline height is greater than or equal to 0.15 times larger than the impeller diameter with the center line of the pump shaft as zero reference line, the gas inside the water-jet propeller can be completely discharged in a short time, and the lag of flow rate and head becomes more severe as the waterline height decreases.

Key words: water-jetpropeller, start-upprocess, transientcharacteristics, cavitationflow, self-primingperformance

中图分类号:

张富毅，鲁航，陈泰然，吴钦，黄彪，王国玉. 轴流式喷水推进器启动过程的瞬态特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(8): 1592-1603.

ZHANG Fuyi, LU Hang, CHEN Tairan, WU Qin, HUANG Biao, WANG Guoyu. Transient Characteristics of Start-up Process of an Axial Flow Water-jet Propeller[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(8): 1592-1603.

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