螺环硝胺、亚硝胺的合成、结构和胜能研究

兵工学报 ›› 1992, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (1): 28-35.

螺环硝胺、亚硝胺的合成、结构和胜能研究

符全军、朱春华、付霞云

西安近代化学研究所

收稿日期:1990-03-01 修回日期:1990-09-01 上线日期:2014-12-25
通讯作者: 符全军

On the Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Spiro-Nitramines and Spiro-Nitrosamines

Fu Quanjun, Zhu Chunhua, Fu Xiayun

Xiˊan Modem Chenical Research Institute

Received:1990-03-01 Revised:1990-09-01 Online:2014-12-25
Contact: Fu Quanjun

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 合成了6种新型螺环化合物。测试表明，2，4，8，10-四硝基一2，4，8，10-四氮杂螺[5，5]十一烷-3，9一二酮(TNSUK)是迄今为止撞击感度最低的硝胺品种之一，该炸药具有优良的爆轰性能和安定性，DSC测试表明它具有起爆药的特点。用量子化学方法研究了螺环分子的空间结构和电子结构，发现TNSUK分子中存在着部分Y芳共轭体系，并成功地解释了该炸药所显示的良好的热稳定性和较好的水解安定性。

关键词: 螺环硝胺, 低感炸药, Y芳共轭

Abstract: Six new spiro compounds including one nitramine, two nitrosamines and three relevant intermediates have been synthesized. It has been found that 2,4 ,8,10-tetranitro- 2,4,8,10-tetraazaspiro(5, 5) undecane-3, 9-dione (TNSUK) is among the least impact sensitive of all known polynitramine compounds. Other characterics of the compound are： d==1.91X103kg/m3, m.p=224°c (Dec, ), Tm=250.5eC，H50%(2kg wt. ) =0.63m，D (cacd. ) = 8737m/s. Further investigation shows that TNSUK also has good stability toward hydrolysis. Two methods of synthesis for TNSUK have been studied。One among them has a yield beyond 90%. In addition, the structural characteristics of aza-spiro compounds are discussed applying methods of quantum chemistry. The presence of Y- aromatic conjugated system in the molocules gives an effective interpretation of its excellent properties.

Key words: spiro-nitramine, insensitive explosive, Y-arometic conjugated system

符全军、朱春华、付霞云. 螺环硝胺、亚硝胺的合成、结构和胜能研究[J]. 兵工学报, 1992, 13(1): 28-35.

Fu Quanjun, Zhu Chunhua, Fu Xiayun. On the Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Spiro-Nitramines and Spiro-Nitrosamines[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 1992, 13(1): 28-35.