聚能装药成型及侵彻的三维欧拉数值算法及并行化

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0426

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

聚能装药成型及侵彻过程涉及金属药型罩在爆轰波作用下的极端大变形、射流成型及多种材料耦合作用等复杂物理现象。欧拉算法相较于拉格朗日方法更适合处理大变形问题。使用Euler数值方法，对聚能装药成型以及侵彻的过程进行了数值模拟。通过将欧拉方法并行化，搭建非一致性内存访问的并行架构，不同节点之间使用MPI（Message Passing Interface）进行数据交换，在主节点上创建共享内存窗口RMA（Remote Memory Access），有效降低了节点之间的通信消耗，提升了聚能装药成型及侵彻模拟的数值计算效率。在pMMIC3D程序的基础上，使用有限差分的数值方法进行数值求解，模拟了聚能装药成型及侵彻靶板的过程，验证了欧拉数值算法及并行化策略的可行性。为验证该并行策略的高效性，与UMA（Uniform Memory Access）一致性内存访问架构的并行方法进行对比，结果表明，所提出的并行化方法的计算时间最短，进一步验证了该并行化方法的高效性。通过将仿真计算结果进行可视化显示和数据对比，分析了药型罩的锥角对射流成型的影响，并对金属靶板侵彻深度进行了研究。

关键词: 聚能装药成型及侵彻, Euler方法并行化, 非一致性内存访问, MPI

Abstract:

The process of formation and penetration of the shaped charge involves such complex physical phenomena as the extreme plastic deformation of metal liner subjected to shock wave，the formation of jet and the evolution of the multi-material interface.The Eulerian algorithm adopts a fixed mesh to describe the material motion，which avoids the mesh distortion problem in the Lagrange method and is especially suitable for dealing with large deformation problem.The Eulerian numerical method is used to numerically simulate the process of shaped charge formation and penetration.A non-uniform memory access （NUMA） parallel architecture is built with the parallelization of Eulerian method.The data exchange between different nodes is made by using a message passing interface （MPI）.A shared memory window RMA is created on the root node，which effectively reduces the communication consumption between the nodes and improves the computational efficiency of the formation of shaped charge.Based on pMMIC3D program，the finite difference numerical method is used for numerical solution to simulate the process of shaped charge forming and penetrating a target plate，which verifies the feasibility of Eulerian numerical algorithm and parallel strategy.The proposed parallel strategy，is compared with the parallel method of the UMA coherent memory access architecture.The results show that the proposed parallel method has the shortest computing time，which further verifies the high efficiency of the parallel method.The effect of the cone angle of liner on the formation of shaped charge is analyzed by visualizing the simulated results and comparing the data with the depth of penetrating into the metal target plate.

Key words: shaped charge formation formation, Eulerian method, non-uniform memory access, message passing interface

高义, 宁建国, 许香照. 聚能装药成型及侵彻的三维欧拉数值算法及并行化[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(S1): 250426-.

GAO Yi, NING Jianguo, XU Xiangzhao. Three-dimensional Massively Eulerian Parallel Algorithm for the Process of Shaped Charge Formation and Penetration[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(S1): 250426-.

图/表 16

图1 数据通信过程

Fig.1 The process of data communication

图2 NUMA架构和RMA的通信机制

Fig.2 The communication mechanism of NUMA and RMA

图3 整体结构网格划分

Fig.3 Grid divsion of the structure of shaped charge

图4 药型罩结构的线框图

Fig.4 Wireframe diagram of shaped charge

图5 装药部分的线框图

Fig.5 Wireframe diagram of charging section

表1 不同并行策略的计算时间

Table 1 Computing time of different parallel strategies

核心数	并行策略	时间/ms
72	UMA+MPI-2	2385
	UMA+MPI-3	2135
	UMA+MPI-3 RMA	1723
	NUMA+MPI-2	821
	NUMA+MPI-3	762
	NUMA+MPI-3 RMA	722
144	UMA+MPI-2	2287
	UMA+MPI-3	2029
	UMA+MPI-3 RMA	1607
	NUMA+MPI-2	782
	NUMA+MPI-3	746
	NUMA+MPI-3 RMA	702
216	UMA+MPI-2	1905
	UMA+MPI-3	1789
	UMA+MPI-3 RMA	1623
	NUMA+MPI-2	728
	NUMA+MPI-3	688
	NUMA+MPI-3 RMA	650
288	UMA+MPI-2	1798
	UMA+MPI-3	1513
	UMA+MPI-3 RMA	1315
	NUMA+MPI-2	632
	NUMA+MPI-3	583
	NUMA+MPI-3 RMA	551
360	UMA+MPI-2	1398
	UMA+MPI-3	1245
	UMA+MPI-3 RMA	1065
	NUMA+MPI-2	486
	NUMA+MPI-3	469
	NUMA+MPI-3 RMA	413
432	UMA+MPI-2	1209
	UMA+MPI-3	1165
	UMA+MPI-3 RMA	799
	NUMA+MPI-2	299
	NUMA+MPI-3	261
	NUMA+MPI-3 RMA	239

图6 聚能装药结构

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of the structure of shaped charge

图7 φ90-2.7-80°不同时刻射流形成过程

Fig.7 Process of jet formation at φ90-2.7-80°

图8 不同锥角的射流图形

Fig.8 Patterns of jets with different cone angles

图9 射流头部速度与角度的关系

Fig.9 Relationship between jet head velocity and angle

图10 射流尾部速度与角度的关系

Fig.10 Relationship between jet tail velocity and angle

图11 聚能装药结构侵彻靶板

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of sharped charge penetrating a target plate

图12 φ90-2.7-60°不同时刻射流侵彻形成过程

Fig.12 Process of jet penetration at φ90-2.7-60°

图13 φ150-4.5-140°不同时刻EFP侵彻形成过程

Fig.13 Process of EFP penetration at φ150-4.5-140°

表2 不同工况的侵彻深度

Table 2 Penetration depths under different conditions

装药直径/mm	毁伤元类别	头部最大速度/ （m·s^-1）	极限侵彻深度/ mm
90	射流	7260	260
90	聚能杆	6430	170
90	EFP	5260	42
150	射流	6810	500
150	聚能杆	5980	310
150	EFP	4980	81
200	射流	6500	755
200	聚能杆	5670	505
200	EFP	4660	144

图14 不同毁伤元侵彻深度变化

Fig.14 Penetration depths of different damage elements

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