基于压导式连续电阻探针的珊瑚砂冲击Hugoniot曲线测试方法

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0584

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

珊瑚砂因其在远洋岛礁中获取的便利性及对爆炸冲击的良好防御作用,被广泛应用于岛礁军事防护工程,而研究珊瑚砂的高压冲击状态方程需获得其冲击Hugoniot数据。为此,基于压导式连续电阻探针设计多介质冲击波测试系统,通过化爆试验以获得炸药、标准材料和待测材料的爆轰波和冲击波时程曲线,结合阻抗匹配原理可最终反演待测材料的冲击Hugoniot线;以水作为待测材料开展可行性试验,验证了方法的可靠性;采用该法测定了珊瑚砂冲击波压力与粒子速度的冲击Hugoniot曲线,并与石英砂数据进行对比。试验结果表明:基于多介质冲击波连续测试系统和阻抗匹配原理可方便可靠地测定待测材料的冲击Hugoniot曲线。为大尺度非均质材料冲击状态方程的研究提供了方法补充。

关键词: 珊瑚砂, 压导式连续电阻探针, 化爆加载, 冲击Hugoniot曲线, 阻抗匹配

Abstract:

Coral sand is widely used in military protection projects of islands because of its convenience and well anti-explosion buffering performance.It is necessary to obtain the shock Hugoniot data of coral sand before investigating the high-pressure shock equation of state.A shock wave test system for multi-medium is designed based on continuous pressure-conducted electrical resistance probe.The test system can be used to determine the detonation wave and shock wave time history curves of explosives,standard material and tested material in a explosion test.Then the shock Hugoniot curve of the material under test could be calculated based on the impedance matching principle.A feasibility test is carried out using water as the test material to verify the reliability of the method.Finally,the shock Hugoniot curve,represented by shock wave pressure P and particle velocity U_p, of coral sand is determined using the proposed method,which is compared with the Hugoniot data of quartz sand.The experimental results show that the shock Hugoniot curve of test material can be conveniently and reliably determined based on the continuous testing system of multi-medium shock waves and the impedance matching principle.The exploration work provides a supplement to the experimental research on the shock equation of state for large-scale heterogeneous materials.

Key words: coral sand, continuous pressure-conducted electrical resistance probe, explosive loading, shock Hugoniot curve, impedance matching

中图分类号:

O521.3

张旭浩, 李科斌, 孙渊博, 李晓杰, 陈翔. 基于压导式连续电阻探针的珊瑚砂冲击Hugoniot曲线测试方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(7): 240584-.

ZHANG Xuhao, LI Kebin, SUN Yuanbo, LI Xiaojie, CHEN Xiang. Test Method of Shock Hugoniot Curve of Coral Sand Based on Continuous Pressure-conducted Electrical Resistance Probe[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(7): 240584-.

图/表 22

图1 压导式连续探针[25]

Fig.1 Continuous pressure-conducted probe[25]

图2 DVP-I型连续电阻爆速仪

Fig.2 DVP-I continuous detonation velocity (VOD) recorder

图3 冲击波连续测试系统简要原理

Fig.3 Brief principle of shock wave continuous test system

图4 冲击波连续测试系统示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of shock wave testing system

图5 阻抗匹配法

Fig.5 Impedance matching method

图6 水的冲击波连续测试装置

Fig.6 Shock wave testing device for water

图7 冲击波测量的典型电压信号(No.HCT-5)

Fig.7 Typical voltage signal(No.HCT-5)

图8 6次试验的冲击波时程曲线

Fig.8 Shock wave time history curves for six tests

表1 各试验中有机玻璃和水的冲击波速度

Table 1 Shock wave velocity of PMMA and water in tests

编号	炸药成分	ρ_e/ (g·cm^-3)	D_e/ (km·s^-1)	U_s1/ (km·s^-1)	U_s2/ (km·s^-1)	U_s3/ (km·s^-1)	p_C-J/ GPa
HCT-1	ANFO (粒状)	0.88	2.90	3.66	3.01	2.51	2.39
HCT-2	ANFO (粉状)	0.86	3.65	3.97	3.28	2.82	3.52
HCT-3	ANFO (粉状)	0.88	3.72	4.00	3.23	2.75	3.69
HCT-4	ANFO (粉状)	0.88	3.76	4.03	3.31	2.69	3.79
HCT-5	15%RDX+ 85%ANFO (粉状)	0.83	4.22	4.20	3.99	3.32	4.47
HCT-6	50%RDX+ 50%ANFO (粉状)	0.88	4.98	4.60	4.14	3.63	6.45

图9 水的冲击绝热线数据反演

Fig.9 Data inversion of shock Hugoniot curve for water

图10 水的冲击绝热线对比

Fig.10 Comparison of shock Hugoniot curves for water

表2 有机玻璃和水的波后状态

Table 2 The post-wave state of PMMA and water

编号	入射波		透射波		与LASL 曲线的误差/%
编号	p_A/ GPa	U_PA/ (km·s^-1)	p_B/ GPa	U_PB/ (km·s^-1)	与LASL 曲线的误差/%
HCT-1	1.07	0.30	0.88	0.35	2.54
HCT-2	1.83	0.47	1.52	0.54	2.59
HCT-3	1.70	0.44	1.40	0.51	1.97
HCT-4	1.90	0.49	1.52	0.57	3.55
HCT-5	3.69	0.82	3.06	0.92	0.99
HCT-6	5.03	1.02	4.18	1.15	2.19

图11 珊瑚砂试样

Fig.11 Coral sand sample

图12 珊瑚砂级配曲线

Fig.12 Grading curve of coral sand

表3 珊瑚砂级配参数

Table 3 Grading parameters of coral sand

D₆₀/mm	D₃/mm	D₁₀/mm	C_u	C_c
0.80	0.21	0.07	11.40	0.79

表4 珊瑚砂试样记录表

Table 4 Records of coral sand samples

编号	珊瑚砂的质量/kg	ρ_c/(g·cm^-3)	初始孔隙比
1	3.67	1.41	0.93
2	3.65	1.44	0.89
3	3.57	1.44	0.89
4	3.41	1.40	0.94
5	3.50	1.34	1.03
6	3.55	1.37	0.98
7	3.56	1.39	0.96
8	3.80	1.40	0.94

图13 珊瑚砂的冲击波连续测试装置

Fig.13 Shock wave testing device for coral sand

图14 爆轰波-冲击波时程曲线

Fig.14 The time history curves of detonation-shock wave

表5 各试验中有机玻璃和珊瑚砂的冲击波速度

Table 5 Shock wave velocities of PMMA and coral sand in tests

编号	h_PMMA/ mm	ρ_c/ (g·cm^-3)	U₁/ (km·s^-1)	U₂/ (km·s^-1)
1	15	1.41	3.72	1.70
2	20	1.44	3.56	1.57
3	25	1.44	3.42	1.50
4	30	1.40	3.34	1.48
5	35	1.34	3.17	1.26
6	40	1.37	3.05	1.07
7	45	1.39	2.83	0.95
8	50	1.40	2.69	0.71

图15 各试验中珊瑚砂的冲击波状态图解

Fig.15 The shock wave state diagram of coral sand in tests

图16 珊瑚砂与石英砂的冲击绝热线[2-5]

Fig.16 The shock Hugoniot curves of coral sand and quartz sand[2-5]

表6 各试验中有机玻璃与珊瑚砂的波后状态参数

Table 6 The post-wave state values of PMMA and coral sand in tests

编号	入射波		透射波
编号	p_A/GPa	U_PA/(km·s^-1)	p_B/GPa	U_PB/(km·s^-1)
1	0.31	0.10	0.15	0.14
2	0.62	0.19	0.35	0.26
3	1.20	0.33	0.68	0.46
4	1.51	0.40	0.93	0.54
5	2.04	0.52	1.33	0.67
6	2.30	0.57	1.52	0.73
7	2.77	0.66	1.88	0.83
8	3.30	0.75	2.30	0.94

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