未爆弹药安全化处置关键技术

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0683

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

未爆弹药是指已被解除保险、起爆、点火或以其他方式准备使用或已经使用,因各种原因可能在点火、投掷、发射、掩埋后由于引信失效、功能失灵、设计缺陷等原因没有爆炸的弹药。阐述了未爆弹药安全化处置技术国内外研究现状,分析了未爆弹药磁法探测、声磁结合探测、光学探测等未爆弹探测技术,以及烧毁处理、爆破销毁、切割处理等非接触处置销毁技术原理,并总结了不同探测及处置技术的优缺点及适用场景。提出水下未爆弹药探测及处置技术是当前国防领域重点关注的问题,也是研究热点。未爆弹药安全化处置关键技术研究可为未来无人化、安全化、环保化的未爆弹探测处理提供理论基础。

关键词: 未爆弹药, 安全化处置, 烧毁, 销毁

Abstract:

Unexploded ordnance refers to ammunition that has been disarmed, detonated, ignited or otherwise prepared for use or has been used, and has not exploded due to fuze failure, functional failure, design defects or other reasons after igniting, throwing, launching or burying for various reasons. The research status of safety disposal technology of unexploded ordnance at home and abroad is described,the unexploded ordnance detection technologies, such as magnetic detection, sound-magnetic compound detection and optical detection, and the non-contact disposal and destruction technology principles, such as burning treatment, blasting destruction, cutting treatment, are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of different detection and disposal technologies and their application scenarios are summarized. At last, it is pointed out that the detection and disposal technologies of underwater unexploded ordnance are the focus of the current national defense field, and also the research hotspot. The research on key technologies of safe disposal of unexploded ordnance can provide theoretical basis for unmanned, safe and environmentally friendly detection and disposal of unexploded ordnance in the future.

Key words: unexploded ordnance, safe disposal, burning, destruction

员康, 党峰, 韩向东, 李云超, 刘雨昭, 李璐, 程成. 未爆弹药安全化处置关键技术[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(S2): 231-239.

YUN Kang, DANG Feng, HAN Xiangdong, LI Yunchao, LIU Yuzhao, LI Lu, CHENG Cheng. Key Technology of Safe Disposal of Unexploded Ordnance[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(S2): 231-239.

图/表 2

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序号	方法名称	原理	应用优势
1	爆破销毁	通过外部炸药等方式进行引爆	处理效率高,适合任务量大
2	冷冻处理	采用液氮进行冷冻处理,使其失效	不涉火,安全性高
3	高压水切除	利用高压液体切割弹体外壳,溶解并冲刷炸药	不涉火,安全性高
4	射击销毁	对于敏感弹药、电磁敏感及热敏感弹药,击毁UXO引信	避免人员近身接触
5	撞毁UXO 引信	撞击破坏引信机械装置,使其失去引爆功能	提高UXO下一步处理的安全性
6	烧毁	利用高温引燃或引爆炸药,适用于薄壁弹药	处理效率高,适合任务力量大

序号	方法名称	原理	应用优势
1	爆破销毁	通过外部炸药等方式进行引爆	处理效率高,适合任务量大
2	冷冻处理	采用液氮进行冷冻处理,使其失效	不涉火,安全性高
3	高压水切除	利用高压液体切割弹体外壳,溶解并冲刷炸药	不涉火,安全性高
4	射击销毁	对于敏感弹药、电磁敏感及热敏感弹药,击毁UXO引信	避免人员近身接触
5	撞毁UXO 引信	撞击破坏引信机械装置,使其失去引爆功能	提高UXO下一步处理的安全性
6	烧毁	利用高温引燃或引爆炸药,适用于薄壁弹药	处理效率高,适合任务力量大