空基光学载荷地面分辨率评价方法

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0525

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

空基光学载荷图像质量是对其成像性能检测的一项重要指标。实验室测试（理想条件）与户外实际应用（复杂环境）存在显著差异。针对上述问题提出利用条形靶标对光学载荷地面分辨率分别在实验室与户外进行测试后进行综合评价，以外场测试结果为最终考核指标。基于某空基光学载荷开展了实际测试验证，研究结果表：明平台振动、大气湍流、热噪声等导致实际空间分辨率低于理论值，其综合效应可使系统性能损失15%~32%。该研究结果为客观、量化评价空基光学载荷的实战能力提供了重要依据，并指明了性能优化的主要方向。

关键词: 空基光学载荷, 地面分辨率, 可见通道, 红外通道, 评价方法

Abstract:

The image quality of space-based optical payloads is a crucial index for evaluating their imaging performance.Significant differences exist between laboratory test （under ideal conditions） and outdoor practical application （in complex environments）.It proposes a comprehensive evaluation of the ground resolution of the optical payload using bar targets，conducted through testing both in the laboratory and outdoors，with the field test results serving as the final assessment criterion.Practical testing is conducted based on a space-based optical payload.The research results indicate that the platform vibration，atmospheric turbulence，thermal noise，and other factors lead to the actual spatial resolution lower than the theoretical value，with their combined effects causing a system performance degradation of 15% - 32%.These findings provide an important basis for the objective and quantitative evaluation of the practical operational capability of space-based optical payloads and point out the main directions for performance optimization.

Key words: space-based optical payload, ground resolution, visible channel, infrared channel, evaluation method

藏磊, 李浩东, 陈帅, 臧博, 梁栋栋, 刘文涛. 空基光学载荷地面分辨率评价方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(S1): 250525-.

ZANG Lei, LI Haodong, CHEN shuai, ZANG Bo, LIANG Dongdong, LIU Wentao. An Evaluation Method for Ground Resolution of Space-based Optical Payloads[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(S1): 250525-.

图/表 15

图1 三线靶标（可见）

Fig.1 Tri-line target （visible）

图2 四杆靶标（红外）

Fig.2 Quad-bar target （infrared）

表1 载荷与靶标距离

Table 1 Distance between payload and target

名称	第1次测试距离/km	第2次测试距离/km	第3次测试距离/km	第4次测试距离/km
载荷	7.402	8.512	9.309	10.190

图3 大气能见度

Fig.3 Atmospheric visibility

图4 可见通道第1次测试图像

Fig.4 First test image of visible channel

图5 可见通道第2次测试图像

Fig.5 Second test image of visible channel

图6 可见通道第3次测试图像

Fig.6 Third test image of visible channel

图7 可见通道第4次测试图像

Fig.7 Fourth test image of visible channel

表2 载荷与靶标距离

Table 2 Distance between payload and target

名称	第1次测试距离/km	第2次测试距离/km	第3次测试距离/km	第4次测试距离/km	第5次测试距离/km
载荷	7.313	8.175	9.850	10.937	15.887

图8 靶标与靶标温度

Fig.8 Target signature and background temperature

图9 红外通道第1次测试图像

Fig.9 First test image of infrared channel

图10 红外通道第2次测试图像

Fig.10 Second test image of infrared channel

图11 红外通道第3次测试图像

Fig.11 Third test image of infrared channel

图12 红外通道第4次测试图像

Fig.12 Fourth test image of infrared channel

图13 红外通道第5次测试图像

Fig.13 Fifth test image of infrared channel

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