中性点经高阻接地的船舶中压交流电力系统单相断线故障特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0491

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着船舶电力系统不断发展，中性点经高阻接地的中压电力系统正在被广泛应用，单相断线故障作为常见电气故障，将给系统带来较高的过电压。针对该系统单相断线故障的3种情况进行分析，分别为断线不接地、断线点电源侧接地及断线点负荷侧接地，综合考虑接地点过渡电阻、负荷阻抗、断线位置等要素，采用对称相量法推导出断口前后零序电压解析表达式；基于反演变换和共形映射理论，分析了不同情况下两端过电压的关系特征；搭建典型电力系统仿真模型，验证了理论分析结果的正确性，为今后实现系统单相断线故障的精确定位提供理论支撑。

关键词: 船舶中压电力系统, 高阻接地, 断线故障, 零序电压

Abstract:

The medium-voltage （MV） power systems with high-resistance grounding at the neutral point are becoming increasingly prevalent with the continuous development of ship power systems.Single-phase disconnection fault，a common electrical issue，can cause significant overvoltage in the power systems.This paper analyzes three scenarios of single-phase disconnection fault：disconnection without grounding，grounding at the power supply side of the disconnection point，and grounding at the load side of disconnection point.Considering the factors such as transition resistance at the grounding point，load impedance，and the location of disconnection，the symmetrical vector method is used to derive the analytical expression for zero-sequence voltage before and after disconnection.The relationship characteristics of overvoltages at both ends under different conditions are analyzed based on the theory of inverse transformation and conformal mapping.A typical power system simulation model is constructed to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis results，providing a theoretical foundation for the precise localization of single-phase disconnection faults in power systems in the future.

Key words: medium voltage power system in ship, high resistance grounding, disconnection fault, zero sequence voltage

陈爽, 吴本祥, 陈诚. 中性点经高阻接地的船舶中压交流电力系统单相断线故障特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(S1): 250491-.

CHEN Shuang, WU Benxiang, CHEN Cheng. Research on the Fault Characteristics of Single-phase Broken Conductor in High-resistance Grounded Marine MV AC Power Systems[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(S1): 250491-.

图/表 23

图1 船舶电力系统发生断线故障后电缆4种接地形态

Fig.1 Four kinds of cable grounding forms after the power system of ship breaks down

图2 船舶电力系统单相断线故障分析模型

Fig.2 Analysis model of single-phase disconnection fault in ship power system

图3 断点两侧都不接地故障等效分析模型

Fig.3 Equivalent analysis model of fault on both sides of the point

图4 断口上游零序电压相量图

Fig.4 Phasor diagram of zero-sequence voltage upstream of the fracture

图5 |U0|随中性点电阻阻值变化的极坐标轨迹图

Fig.5 Polar coordinate trajectory of the amplitude of U0 with respect to the resistance value of neutral point

图6 断口下游零序电压相量图

Fig.6 Phasor diagram of zero sequence voltage downstream of the fracture

图7 |U'O|随中性点电阻阻值变化的极坐标轨迹图

Fig.7 Polar coordinate trajectory of the amplitude of U'0 with respect to the resistance value of the neutral point

图8 断点电源侧接地故障等效分析模型

Fig.8 Equivalent analysis model of fault grounding on the power side of disconnection point

图9 断口上游零序电压相量图

Fig.9 Phasor diagram of zero sequence voltage upstream of the fracture

图10 |UO|随中性点电阻阻值变化的复平面轨迹图

Fig.10 The complex plane trajectory of the amplitude of UO with respect to the resistance value of the neutral point

图11 断口下游零序电压相量图

Fig.11 Phasor diagram of zero sequence voltage downstream of the fracture

图12 |U'O|随中性点电阻阻值变化的复平面轨迹图

Fig.12 The complex plane trajectory of the amplitude of U'O with respect to the resistance value of the neutral point

图13 断点负载侧接地故障等效分析模型

Fig.13 Equivalent analysis model of fault grounding on the load side of disconnection point

图14 |U0|随中性点电阻阻值变化的极坐标轨迹图

Fig.14 Polar coordinate trajectory of the amplitude of U0 with respect to the resistance value of the neutral point

图15 |U'0|随中性点电阻阻值变化的极坐标轨迹图

Fig.15 Polar coordinate trajectory of the amplitude of U'0 with respect to the resistance value of the neutral point

图16 3种故障类型下断口上游零序电压变化趋势图

Fig.16 Change trend of zero-sequence voltage upstream of the fracture under three fault types

图17 3种故障类型下断口下游零序电压变化趋势图

Fig.17 Change trend of zero-sequence voltage downstream of the fracture under three fault types

图18 仿真系统模型

Fig.18 Simulation system model

表1 仿真模型中电缆设置参数

Table 1 Cable setting parameters in the simulation model

线路类型	R₁/ （Ω·km^-1）	C₁/ （F·km^-1）	L₁/ （mH·km^-1）	R₀/ （Ω·km^-1）	C₀/ （F·km^-1）	L₀/ （mH·km^-1）
电缆	0.12	0.15×10^-6	0.35	0.25	0.9×10^-6	0.65

表2 α=1/2时3种断线故障类型仿真结果（部分）

Table 2 Simulated results of three types of disconnection faults （part） for α=1/2

	断线不接地		断线点电源侧接地		断线点负载侧接地
R_L/Ω	$\left\|{U}_{0}\right\|$/V	$\left\|U\text{'}{ }_{0}\right\|$/V	$\left\|{U}_{0}\right\|$/V	$\left\|U\text{'}{ }_{0}\right\|$/V	$\left\|{U}_{0}\right\|$/V	$\left\|U\text{'}{ }_{0}\right\|$/V
50	11.4	2714.0	1795.7	4456.7	57.9	1796.0
100	22.8	2713.0	2693.0	5353.3	113.3	1758.3
200	45.4	2710.0	3590.0	6250.0	216.9	1687.7
300	67.8	2705.3	4036.7	6696.7	311.9	1623.0
400	89.8	2699.0	4306.7	6966.7	399.0	1563.7
500	111.4	2691.0	4486.7	7143.3	479.0	1509.7
1000	209.5	2635.3	4893.3	7553.3	792.3	1304.0
1500	288.0	2566.0	5046.7	7703.3	1008.3	1175.3
2000	347.0	2498.3	5126.7	7783.3	1161.0	1095.7
2500	390.3	2439.7	5176.7	7833.3	1275.0	1045.0
3000	421.7	2391.7	5210.0	7866.7	1368.7	1014.3

图19 α=1/2时断线不接地故障零序电压特性曲线

Fig.19 Zero-sequence voltage characteristic curve of open circuit fault without grounding when α=1/2

图20 α=1/2时断线点电源侧接地故障零序电压特性曲线

Fig.20 Zero-sequence voltage characteristic curve of power supply side grounding fault at the disconnection point when α=1/2

图21 α=1/2时断线点负载侧接地故障零序电压特性曲线

Fig.21 Zero-sequence voltage characteristic curve of load side grounding fault at the disconnection point when α=1/2

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