两种黏结体系HMX基温压炸药的爆炸释能特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0312

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究不同黏结剂体系下HMX基温压炸药的爆炸释能特性，选择2种具有相似配方的HMX基温压炸药进行爆热、爆速、爆轰驱动性能、内爆炸性能等测试，分析了黏结剂的差异对温压炸药中铝粉反应速率、爆炸能量释放过程的影响。结果表明，不同黏结剂体系下温压炸药中铝粉的反应及释能过程有较大差异。其中，热固型浇注炸药的铝粉反应速率快于热塑型浇注温压炸药，热塑型浇注温压炸药参与有氧燃烧的铝粉较热固型浇注温压炸药多，其热作用转换的膨胀机械能弥补了冲击波转换机械能的不足。本研究为相关战斗部的装药选型、毁伤性能预估等提供依据或支撑。

关键词: 温压炸药, 黏结体系, 释能特性, 爆炸驱动

Abstract:

The explosive energy release characteristics of thermobaric explosives with different binder systems during detonation are studies.Two types of HMX-based thermobaric explosives with similar formulations are selected for testing of detonation heat，detonation velocity，detonation driving performance，and internal explosion performance.In addition，the influence of differences in the binders on the reaction rate of aluminum powder and the release process of explosive energy in thermobaric explosives is analyzed.The results indicate that the aluminum powders in thermobaric explosives with different binder systems show significant differences in the reaction and energy release processes.Among them，the reaction rate of aluminum powder in thermosetting casting thermobaric explosives is faster than that of aluminum powder in thermoplastic casting thermobaric explosives.Moreover，the aluminum powder involved in aerobic combustion of thermoplastic casting thermobaric explosives is more than that involved in aerobic combustion of thermosetting casting thermobaric explosives，resulting in the expansion mechanical energy converted by its thermal effect compensating for the insufficient mechanical energy converted by shock waves.In summary，this research provides experimental evidence and support for the selection of charges and the estimation of destructive performance for the relevant warheads.

Key words: thermobaric explosive, binder system, energy release characteristics, explosion driving

付璐, 黄风雷. 两种黏结体系HMX基温压炸药的爆炸释能特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(S1): 250312-.

FU Lu, HUANG Fenglei. Explosive Energy Release Characteristics of Two HMX-based Thermobaric Explosives with different Bonder Systems[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(S1): 250312-.

图/表 12

表1 GA1和GB1的配方组成

Table 1 Formulations of GA1 and GB1

配方	HMX	Al	黏合剂种类	黏合剂含量
GA1	53%	35%	GOL-939	12%
GB1	53%	35%	PMX-3	12%

图1 爆热测试装置

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of burst heat test device

图2 爆速测试装置

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the test device for detonation velocity

图3 圆筒试验布局

Fig.3 Cylinder test layout

图4 内爆炸试验布局

Fig.4 Layout diagram of internal explosion test

表2 2种HMX基温压炸药的爆轰参数

Table 2 Detonation parameters of two HMX-based thermobaric explosives

配方	ρ/（g·cm^-3）	D/（m·s^-1）	Q/（J·g^-1）
GA1	1.89	7809	7419
GB1	1.86	7723	7520

图5 2种炸药的圆筒试验结果

Fig.5 The results of cylinder test for two thermobaric explosives

表3 特征位置处的圆筒膨胀速度及比动能

Table 3 The expansion velocity and specific kinetic energy of the cylinder at the characteristic position

配方	ΔR_e/mm	μ_s/（mm·μs^-1）	E/（kJ·g^-1）
GA1	12	1.261	0.795
	38	1.441	1.038
	50	1.464	1.072
GB1	12	1.128	0.636
	38	1.258	0.791
	50	1.297	0.841

图6 内爆炸试验中的冲击波超压曲线

Fig.6 Overpressure curve of shock wave in internal explosion test

图7 内爆超压曲线对比

Fig.7 Comparison of implosion overpressure curves

图8 内爆试验中的准静态压力曲线

Fig.8 The quasi-static pressure curve for internal explosion test

表4 空气和氮气环境下的各物理量的峰值

Table 4 Peak values of various physical quantities in air and nitrogen environment

配方	Δp/MPa		Δp_qs/MPa
配方	空气	N₂	空气	N₂
GA1	9.20	8.82	0.355	0.327
GB1	7.64	7.21	0.369	0.303

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