半主动激光制导武器的发展现状和趋势

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0445

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

激光制导武器在现代战争中扮演着关键角色，通过利用激光来获取精确的制导信息来指导导弹等武器准确地打击目标，已成为影响战局和决定胜负的重要因素之一。概述当前世界上的典型半主动激光制导武器包括各类激光制导炸弹、导弹、结合了激光半主动制导的多模复合制导武器和目标激光指示器以及目前抗干扰方法的发展现状。在此基础上，深入剖析半主动激光制导武器原理和技术核心，并针对现存的技术挑战和发展障碍，提出未来半主动激光制导武器向着多模复合、多干扰融合、多防护结合和微型化、通用化和多用途化的方向发展。

关键词: 激光制导, 多模复合制导, 半主动制导

Abstract:

Laser-guided weapons play a crucial role in modern warfare.The missiles and other weapons are directed to accurately strike targets by using the precise guidance information obtained through lasers，making them one of the key factors that influence the course of the battle and determine victory or defeat.This paper summarizes the typical semi-active laser-guided weapons，including various types of laser-guided bombs and missiles，multi-mode composite guided weapons with semi-active laser guidance，target laser designators，in the world and the current development status of anti-jamming methods.On this basis，the principles and technological core of semi-active laser-guided weapons are analyzed in depth.In response to the existing technical challenges and development obstacles，it is proposed that the future semi-active laser-guided weapons will evolve towards multi-mode composite，multi-jamming integration，multi-protection combination，as well as miniaturization，generalization，and multi-functionality.

Key words: laser guidance, multi-mode composite guidance, semi-active guidance

李晓, 刘志国, 郭杨, 唐同斌. 半主动激光制导武器的发展现状和趋势[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(S1): 250445-.

LI Xiao, LIU Zhiguo, GUO Yang, TANG Tongbin. Current Status and Development Trends of Semi-active Laser-guided Weapons[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(S1): 250445-.

图/表 17

图1 半主动激光制导过程

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of semi-active laser guidance process

图2 台风战机搭载宝石路Ⅳ

Fig.2 Typhoon fighter equipped with Paveway Ⅳ

图3 AASM Hammer系列炸弹

Fig.3 AASM Hammer series bombs

图4 APKWSⅡ火箭弹

Fig.4 APKWSⅡ.rockets

图5 M712 铜斑蛇炮弹

Fig.5 M712 Copperhead shell

图6 Krasnopol-M2炮弹

Fig.6 Krasnopol-M2 shell

图7 AGM-114海尔法空地导弹

Fig.7 AGM-114 Haierfa air-to-surface missile

图8 A-10 Thunderbolt II发射AGM-65导弹

Fig.8 A-10 Thunderbolt II launching AGM-65 missile

图9 苏-25携带“赫尔墨斯”-A导弹

Fig.9 Su-25 equipped with Hermes-A missiles

图10 LAHAT导弹组

Fig.10 LAHAT missile group

图11 搭载JAGM 导弹

Fig.11 JAGM missiles

图12 单模硫磺导弹

Fig.12 Single-mode Brimstone missile

图13 暴风之锤导弹

Fig.13 Storm Hammer missile

图14 烟幕干扰原理

Fig.14 Schematic diagram of the principle of smoke screen interference

图15 高重频干扰原理

Fig.15 Schematic diagram of the principle of high repetition frequency interference

图16 欺骗干扰原理

Fig.16 Schematic diagram of the principle of spoofing jamming

图17 计数与采样波门

Fig.17 Schematic diagram of counting and sampling gates

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