面向膛炸预警的数字孪生火炮身管发展构想及技术难点

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0437

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

烧蚀磨损与疲劳裂纹是造成火炮身管失效的关键因素，烧蚀磨损会导致射击精度降低，而疲劳裂纹扩展则会导致身管强度不足继而引发膛炸，对身管发射安全性构成潜在威胁。为此，提出一种基于疲劳断裂仿真的火炮身管孪生模型构建方案，即通过构建高保真度的身管几何与有限元模型，并综合考虑高温、高压载荷及其耦合作用，以及涂层、自紧力等结构和制造因素的影响，对疲劳裂纹扩展行为进行仿真模拟，在阐明身管内壁微裂纹扩展规律基础上构建身管数字孪生仿真模型，基于身管外壁面应变的火炮身管健康监测和剩余寿命评估方法为基础，实现身管裂纹扩展损伤参量实时在线检测，该方案可以为最终构建虚实交互的火炮身管数字孪生体奠定基础，也可为预警身管膛炸、实现身管寿命动态预测提供新的技术路径。提出火炮身管数字孪生模型构建关键技术，对其它身管类武器装备开展数字孪生研究具有一定借鉴作用。

关键词: 火炮身管, 疲劳断裂, 裂纹扩展, 数字孪生, 膛炸

Abstract:

Erosion wear and fatigue cracks are the key factors causing the failure of gun barrel.Erosion wear leads to a decrease in shooting accuracy，while the propagation of fatigue cracks can weaken the barrel strength and potentially lead to catastrophic explosion，posing a potential threat to the safety of gun launches.For this purpose，a construction scheme for a digital twin model of gun barrel based on fatigue fracture simulation is proposed.This involves developing the high-fidelity geometric and finite element models of gun barrel and comprehensively considering the effects of the high-temperature，high-pressure impact loads and their coupled interactions，as well as the structural and manufacturing factors such as coatings and preload forces.A digital twin simulation model for gun barrel is constructed based on elucidating the propagation behavior of micro-cracks on the inner wall of gun barrel.Building upon the health monitoring and remaining service life evaluation method for gun barrels based on outer wall strain measurements，the real-time online detection of damage parameters for crack propagation in gun barrels is achieved.This scheme lays the foundation for constructing an interactive digital twin model of gun barrels and provides a new technical path for preventing the barrel burst and achieving the dynamic prediction of barrel life.Finally，the key technologies for constructing the digital twin model of gun barrels atr proposed，which can serve as a valuable reference for digital twin research on other barrel-type weapon systems.

Key words: gun barrel, fatigue fracture, crack propagation, digital twin, barrel burst

司东亚, 吴斌, 罗天放, 李坤, 周子鸣. 面向膛炸预警的数字孪生火炮身管发展构想及技术难点[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(S1): 250437-.

SI Dongya, WU Bin, LUO Tianfang, LI Kun, ZHOU Ziming. Development Concepts and Technical Challenges of Digital Twin Gun Barrel Focused on Barrel Burst Warning[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(S1): 250437-.

图/表 4

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方法	优势	缺点
有扩展有限元法	1.无需重划网格 2.可以模拟任意方向路径 3.可以解决不连续几何问题 4.具有较好的精度和收敛性	1.富集函数收敛耗时较长 2.模拟复杂多个裂纹尚存在局限性 3.计算精度较低
粘聚力模型法	1.使用方便简单 2.计算时间较少 3.计算结果精度较高	1.网格敏感性 2.需要提前确定裂纹路径 3.需要预制裂纹
虚拟裂纹闭合技术	1.使用方便简单 2.准确计算应变能释放率	1.网格敏感性 2.需要提前确定裂纹路径 3.需要预制裂纹 4.计算时间较长、精度较低

方法	优势	缺点
有扩展有限元法	1.无需重划网格 2.可以模拟任意方向路径 3.可以解决不连续几何问题 4.具有较好的精度和收敛性	1.富集函数收敛耗时较长 2.模拟复杂多个裂纹尚存在局限性 3.计算精度较低
粘聚力模型法	1.使用方便简单 2.计算时间较少 3.计算结果精度较高	1.网格敏感性 2.需要提前确定裂纹路径 3.需要预制裂纹
虚拟裂纹闭合技术	1.使用方便简单 2.准确计算应变能释放率	1.网格敏感性 2.需要提前确定裂纹路径 3.需要预制裂纹 4.计算时间较长、精度较低