隧道口外温压炸药爆炸冲击波传播规律及等效计算方法

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0349

兵工学报

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隧道口外温压炸药爆炸冲击波传播规律及等效计算方法

许轲涵¹，张国凯^1*()，何勇²，吴玉欣¹，刘黎旺¹，李文宇¹，纪玉国³

(1.南京理工大学安全科学与工程学院(应急管理学院), 江苏南京 210094; 2南京理工大学机械工程学院, 江苏南京210094; 3.陆军工程大学爆炸冲击防灾减灾全国重点实验室, 江苏南京 210007)

收稿日期:2025-05-06 修回日期:2025-07-29
通讯作者: *邮箱：gkzhang@njust.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52278504);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20220141)

Study on the Variation in Blast Shock Wave Propagation of Thermobaric Explosives Detonated Outside Tunnel Entrances and Equivalent Computational Method

XU Kehan¹, ZHANG Guokai^1*(), HE Yong², WU Yuxin¹, LIU Liwang¹, LI Wenyu¹, JI Yuguo³

(1. School of Safety Science and Engineering(School of Emergency Management), Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China; 2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China; 3.State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Explosion and Impact, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, China)

Received:2025-05-06 Revised:2025-07-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究温压炸药隧道口外不同位置爆炸产生的冲击波传播规律，依托搭建的长直隧道模型，开展温压炸药隧道口外不同距离爆炸冲击波传播规律试验研究。结合考虑温压炸药后燃增强效应的数值模型，研究隧道口外不同位置爆炸冲击波形成及传播演化特征，探究冲击波超压峰值、正压作用时间以及冲量变化规律。研究结果表明：随着起爆位置距隧道口部的距离增大，传入隧道内的冲击波超压峰值、冲量和正压作用时间均逐渐减小。基于冲击波抵达隧道口时的马赫杆高度与口部高度关系界定隧道口外近口/远口爆炸，近口爆炸因入射波与隧道结构发生反射叠加作用导致冲击波呈现多峰值与二次升压特征。建立隧道口外不同位置爆炸隧道内冲击波超压峰值随比例距离的衰减模型，并首次提出冲击波超压与冲量的等效堵口当量系数计算方法。相比堵口爆炸，口外1.0 m、2.0 m、3.0 m、4.0 m、5.0 m和7.5 m处的平均超压等效当量系数分别为0.423、0.252、0.166、0.151、0.075和0.062，平均冲量当量系数分别为0.574、0.325、0.169、0.148、0.088和0.063，为温压炸药隧道口外爆炸威力快速评估提供了技术手段。

关键词: 温压炸药, 隧道口外爆炸, 冲击波, 超压峰值, 数值模拟

Abstract: To investigate the propagation characteristics of shock waves generated by thermobaric explosives detonated at different external positions of a tunnel, experimental studies were conducted based on a constructed long straight tunnel model, examining shock wave propagation patterns at varying distances outside the tunnel entrance. A numerical model incorporating the afterburning enhancement effect of thermobaric explosives was employed to analyze the formation, propagation, and evolution characteristics of shock waves at different external positions, specifically exploring the variation patterns of peak overpressure, positive-phase duration, and impulse. The results indicate that as the detonation distance from the tunnel entrance increases, the peak overpressure, impulse, and positive-phase duration of shock waves propagating into the tunnel gradually decrease. Near-/far-entrance explosions were defined based on the ratio of Mach stem height to entrance height upon shock wave arrival at the tunnel entrance. Near-entrance explosions exhibit multi-peak pressure profiles and secondary pressure rise due to reflection-superposition interactions between incident waves and tunnel structures. A decay model for peak overpressure inside the tunnel relative to scaled distance was established, and a calculation method for equivalent sealed-entrance yield coefficients of shock wave overpressure and impulse was first proposed. Compared to sealed-entrance explosions, the average equivalent overpressure yield coefficients at 1.0 m, 2.0 m, 3.0 m, 4.0 m, 5.0 m, and 7.5 m outside the entrance are 0.423, 0.252, 0.166, 0.151, 0.075, and 0.062, respectively, while the average impulse yield coefficients are 0.574, 0.325, 0.169, 0.148, 0.088, and 0.063, This methodology provides a robust technical framework for rapid assessment of thermobaric explosive effects in external tunnel entrance detonations.

Key words: thermobaric explosive, external tunnel entrance explosion, shock wave, peak overpressure, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

O382

许轲涵, 张国凯, 何勇, 吴玉欣, 刘黎旺, 李文宇, 纪玉国. 隧道口外温压炸药爆炸冲击波传播规律及等效计算方法[J]. 兵工学报, doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2025.0349.

XU Kehan, ZHANG Guokai, HE Yong, WU Yuxin, LIU Liwang, LI Wenyu, JI Yuguo. Study on the Variation in Blast Shock Wave Propagation of Thermobaric Explosives Detonated Outside Tunnel Entrances and Equivalent Computational Method[J]. Acta Armamentarii, doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2025.0349.

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隧道口外温压炸药爆炸冲击波传播规律及等效计算方法

Study on the Variation in Blast Shock Wave Propagation of Thermobaric Explosives Detonated Outside Tunnel Entrances and Equivalent Computational Method

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