多云雾区协同爆轰超压毁伤威力及分区优化

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1159

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前,大体量装药是云爆武器的主要发展趋势,单个云爆装置抛洒大体量燃料难度较大,主流解决方案是多个云雾区进行协同爆轰。如何设计云雾区分布使其协同爆轰毁伤威力最大化,是亟需解决的技术瓶颈。通过数值计算,研究双云雾区协同爆轰的冲击波叠加效应及其分布结构参数等对爆轰超压场的影响规律,并基于此定量研究协同爆轰的最大毁伤增益,给出多云雾区分布优化方案及其最大毁伤面积的理论预测模型。研究结果表明:两云雾区间距存在最优值,使协同爆轰超压毁伤面积最大,且无量纲化的最优间距是燃料浓度的函数;以相邻两云雾区的最优间距为基础,设计得到多个云雾区呈圆周等间距分布的最优方案,在该最优分布下多云雾区协同爆轰最大毁伤面积与燃料质量的2/3次方、云雾区个数的1/3次方呈正比。

关键词: 云雾爆轰, 多云雾区, 超压场, 优化方案, 毁伤预测

Abstract:

The large volume charge for fuel-air explosive weapons is a main developing trend.However,it is very difficult for a single cloud detonation device to spray large amounts of fuel.The mainstream solution is multiple cloud collaborative detonation.Therefore,how to design the distribution of multiple clouds to maximize the damage power of synergistic detonation overpressure is a technical bottleneck that needs to be resolved.The superposition effect of shock waves of double clouds collaborative detonation and the influence of distribution structural parameters on the detonation overpressure field are analyzed through numerical simulation.On this basis,the maximum damage gain of synergistic detonation is quantitatively investigated,and an optimal distribution scheme of multiple clouds detonation and a theoretical prediction model of damage area are given.The results show that there exists an optimal distance between two cloud regions,which maximizes the damage area of synergistic detonation.The dimensionless optimal distance between two cloud regions is related to the concentration of fuel.Based on the optimal distance between two cloud regions,the optimal radius of distribution field in multiple clouds with equidistant circumferential distribution is designed,and the maximum damage area of multiple cloud collaborative detonation under this optimal distribution is proportional to the 2/3 power of fuel mass and the 1/3 power of the number of cloud regions.

Key words: cloud detonation, multiple cloud region, overpressure field, optimal scheme, damage prediction

中图分类号:

TQ560.1

王溪濛, 薛琨. 多云雾区协同爆轰超压毁伤威力及分区优化[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(1): 231159-.

WANG Ximeng, XUE Kun. Overpressure Damage Power and Distribution Optimization of Synergistic Multiple Cloud Detonation[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(1): 231159-.

图/表 25

表1 云雾爆轰参数

Table 1 Detonation parameters

ρ_fuel/(kg·m^-3)	B/kPa	R₂	C/kPa	ω	D_C_-_J/(m·s^-1)	E₀/(kJ·m^-3)	p_C_-_J/kPa
0.05	419.08	0.62	499.76	0.366	1448	1617	1174
0.07	173.63	0.53	629.25	0.321	1595	2280	1452
0.09	198.57	0.50	735.82	0.289	1708	2941	1702
0.11	203.37	0.46	825.22	0.262	1784	3597	1894
0.13	178.25	0.42	907.59	0.241	1838	4225	2038
0.15	189.99	0.44	955.98	0.242	1879	4422	2151

图1 验证模型几何构型的正视、俯视图

Fig.1 Front and top views ofgeometric configuration of model

表2 TNT装药JWL状态方程参数

Table 2 Parameters of JWL equation of state for TNT explosive

A/kPa	B/kPa	R₁	R₂	ω	ρ/(kg·m^-3)	D_C_-_J/(m·s^-1)	E₀/(kJ·m^-3)	p_C_-_J/kPa
3.307×10⁸	3.90×10⁶	4.485	0.79	0.30	1583	6880	6.62×10⁶	1.94×10⁷

表3 空中双发装药爆炸试验值与仿真值对比

Table 3 Comparison of test and simulated results of explosion for two-point explosive

测点编号	超压峰值/MPa		误差/%
测点编号	试验值	仿真值	误差/%
1	0.441	0.446	1.29
2	0.255	0.242	4.98
3	0.168	0.169	0.84
4	0.186	0.183	1.51

图2 双云雾区几何构型示意图(云雾区中心红色点为起爆点)

Fig.2 Geometric configuration of double clouds (the red dot in the center of cloud is the detonation point)

表4 双云雾区协同爆轰数值计算工况

Table 4 Simulation calculation conditions of double clouds detonation

工况编号	M_fuel_,_tot/kg	ρ_fuel/(kg·m^-3)	D^*
A1	10	0.05	4.25~14.00 (间隔0.25)
A2	10	0.07
A3	10	0.09
A4	10	0.11
A5	10	0.13
A6	10	0.15
A7	100	0.11
A8	500	0.11
A9	1000	0.11
A10	1000	0.05
A11	1000	0.15

图3 三云雾区、四云雾区几何构型示意图

Fig.3 Geometric configurations of three and four clouds

图4 4个典型时刻的压力分布云图

Fig.4 Pressure nephograms at four typical moments

图5 4个典型时刻下x轴、y轴特征方向的压力变化曲线

Fig.5 The pressure curvesin the characteristic directions of x and y axes at four typical moments

图6 不同无量纲中心间距下双云雾区协同爆轰的超压峰值分布

Fig.6 Peak pressure distributions of double clouds detonation at different

图7 三级毁伤区域演化规律(a)~(e)、特殊点位置及其线段示意图(f)

Fig.7 The evolution of the three levels of damage areas (a)-(e),and the location and line segment of special point (f)

图8 单云雾区云雾爆轰的毁伤比例面积随燃料浓度的变化

Fig.8 Change of S ~of single cloud detonation with ρfuel

图9 无量纲毁伤面积随无量纲中心间距的变化(工况A4)

Fig.9 S X *of the different D*(working condition A4)

图10 双云雾区协同爆轰Ⅱ级毁伤面积随无量纲中心间距的变化(工况组A4)

Fig.10 SX,2versusD*(working condition group A4)

图11 毁伤区域的特殊线段距离随无量纲中心间距的变化

Fig.11 Special line segment distance ΔyXversus D*

表5 不同燃料质量下双云雾区协同爆轰对应的最优无量纲中心间距

Table 5 D X , b e s t * of double clouds detonation of different Mfuel,tot

M_fuel_,_tot/kg	$D Ⅰ, b e s t *$	$D Ⅱ, b e s t *$	$D Ⅲ, b e s t *$
10	11.25	8.25	5.75
100	11.00	8.50	6.00
500	10.75	8.25	5.75
1000	11.00	8.50	5.75

表5 不同燃料质量下双云雾区协同爆轰对应的最优无量纲中心间距

Table 5 D X , b e s t * of double clouds detonation of different Mfuel,tot

M_fuel_,_tot/kg	$D Ⅰ, b e s t *$	$D Ⅱ, b e s t *$	$D Ⅲ, b e s t *$
10	11.25	8.25	5.75
100	11.00	8.50	6.00
500	10.75	8.25	5.75
1000	11.00	8.50	5.75

图12 最优无量纲中心间距随燃料浓度的变化

Fig.12 D X , b e s t *versus ρfuel

表6 对最优无量纲中心间距随燃料浓度变化进行拟合得到的拟合参数

Table 6 The polynomial fitting parameters of D X , b e s t *with ρfuel

毁伤等级	A₁	A₂	A₃	R²
Ⅰ	4.56	96.70	-351.79	0.996
Ⅱ	3.20	71.69	-236.61	0.992
Ⅲ	1.36	62.79	-207.59	0.998

图13 3个毁伤等级下最大无量纲毁伤面积与燃料质量、燃料浓度的关系

Fig.13 The relationship among S X , m a x *,ρfuel and Mfuel,totunder three damage levels

图14 三、四云雾区协同爆轰三级部分毁伤面积随无量纲中心间距的变化

Fig.14 SX,3 and SX,4 versus D*

图15 N个云雾区分布场示意图及其最大毁伤区域示意图

Fig.15 Schematic diagram of multiple clouds and the maximum damage areas

图16 ρfuel=0.11kg/m3时X级毁伤下圆周分布场最优比例半径随云雾区个数的变化

Fig.16 rX,N/ ( M f u e l , t o t ) 1 / 3versus N for ρfuel=0.11kg/m3

图17 四云雾区协同爆轰Ⅱ级最大毁伤区域示意图

Fig.17 Maximum damage area diagram of Level Ⅱ of four clouds detonation

表7 三云雾区、四云雾区协同爆轰三级最大毁伤面积仿真值与预测值对比

Table 7 Comparison of simulated and predicted results of maximum damage areas of three and four clouds detonations

云雾区个数N	毁伤等级X	三级最大毁伤面积/m²		误差/%
云雾区个数N	毁伤等级X	仿真值	预测值	误差/%
3	Ⅰ	1768.79	1882.19	6.02
	Ⅱ	956.48	1009.79	5.28
	Ⅲ	374.50	406.84	7.95
4	Ⅰ	2061.21	2071.61	0.50
	Ⅱ	1124.92	1111.42	1.21
	Ⅲ	458.83	447.79	2.47

图18 毁伤面积提升系数随云雾区个数的变化

Fig.18 ξ versus N

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