不同间距两点空中爆炸威力场特性数值模拟研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0279

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索不同间距两个相同质量炸药在无限空域中同时起爆形成的爆炸威力场特性,借助有限元仿真软件,通过建立不同间距的两点炸药在自由场空中爆炸的数值模型对两点阵列爆炸进行数值研究,获取计算域各空间点的冲击波参数,分别绘制了基于超压和冲量准则的等毁伤区域轮廓线,并对等值面的几何特性随间距的变化规律进行研究。研究结果表明:压力增强效应和多峰效应是爆炸威力场重构的主要原因;两点爆炸威力场的等毁伤区域随分离距离增大呈现3种典型形状;与单点爆炸相比,两点爆炸威力场的体积和特定方向的覆盖范围仅在部分分离距离范围内有增益,增益大小与分离距离和准则阈值有关;作为阵列爆炸中最为基础的作用形式,两点爆炸的相关研究结论可以为多点阵列爆炸威力场特性研究和多弹协同作战模式设计提供参考。

关键词: 冲击波, 相互作用, 阵列爆炸, 威力场

Abstract:

In order to explore the characteristics of explosive power field formed by simultaneously detonated two explosives with different spatial intervals in infinite air space, a numerical model of two-point explosives with different spacing distances in free field air explosion is established to numerically study the two-point array explosion. The shock wave parameters of each space point in the calculation domain are obtained, and the contours of equal damage region based on overpressure and impulse criteria are drawn, respectively. The geometric characteristics of iso-surface with the change of space distance are studied. Results show that the pressure enhancement effect and multi-peak effect are the main reasons for the reconstruction of explosive power field. With the increase of the separation distance, the equal damage region of two-point explosion field presents three typical shapes. Compared with single point explosion, the volume of two-point explosion power field and the coverage area in specific direction only have gains in the range of partial separation distance. The relevant research conclusions related to the separation distance and criterion threshold can provide a reference for the study of multi-point array explosion power field characteristics and the design of multi-bomb cooperative combat mode. As the most basic mode of array explosion, these results can provide a reference for the study of multi-point array explosion power field characteristics and the design of multi-bomb cooperative combat mode.

Key words: shock wave, interaction, array explosion, power field

中图分类号:

O382

郑监, 毛致远, 张代鑫, 胡宏伟, 宋浦. 不同间距两点空中爆炸威力场特性数值模拟研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(12): 3590-3600.

ZHENG Jian, MAO Zhiyuan, ZHANG Daixin, HU Hongwei, SONG Pu. Numerical Research on the Power Field of Two-point Array Explosion with Different Spatial Intervals in Air[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(12): 3590-3600.

图/表 18

表1 TNT的JWL状态方程参数[18]

Table 1 JWL equation of state parameters for TNT[18]

ρ₀ /(kg·m^-3)	A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	E/GPa
1630	373.8	3.747	4.15	0.9	0.35	6.0

表2 空气的状态方程参数

Table 2 Equation of state parameters for air

ρ₀ /(kg·m^-3)	γ	E/MPa
1.225	1.4	0.2068

图1 自由场爆炸计算模型

Fig.1 Calculation model of free-field explosions

图2 冲击波超压数值计算结果与经验公式对比

Fig.2 Comparison of calculated results of overpressure

图3 冲击波历史曲线计算结果与经验公式对比

Fig.3 Comparison of calculated resulrs of pressure histories

图4 两点爆炸计算模型示意图

Fig.4 Calculation model of two-point explosion

图5 两点爆炸的典型冲击波传播过程(D=2.76m/kg1/3)

Fig.5 Typical shock wave propagation process of two-point array explosion (D=2.76m/kg1/3)

图6 冲击波相互作用的纹影图像[4]

Fig.6 Shadowgraphs of shock wave interactions[4]

图7 监测点位置

Fig.7 The positions of gauges

图8 典型的两点爆炸压力时程曲线

Fig.8 Typical pressure-time curves of two-point array explosion

图9 不同分离距离的等毁伤区域轮廓线(Δpf=0.076MPa)

Fig.9 Contours of equal damage region at different separation distance for overpressure (Δpf=0.076MPa)

图10 等毁伤区域的三维示意图(Δpf=0.076MPa)

Fig.10 3-D view of overpressure contour surface(Δpf=0.076MPa)

图11 冲击波威力场的变化规律(Δpf=0.076MPa)

Fig.11 Changing trends of the volumes and effect radius of contour surface of overpressure(Δpf=0.076MPa)

图12 不同分离距离的等毁伤区域轮廓线(i=0.059MPa·ms)

Fig.12 Contours of specific impulse contour surface (i=0.059MPa·ms)

图13 等毁伤区域的三维示意图(i=0.059MPa·ms)

Fig.13 3-D view of impulse contour surface (i=0.059MPa·ms)

图14 冲击波威力场的变化规律(i=0.059MPa·ms)

Fig.14 Changing trends of the volumes and effect radius of specific impulse contour surface(i=0.059MPa·ms)

图15 不同监测点的冲量-时间曲线

Fig.15 Impulse-time cueves at different gauge points

图16 不同等毁伤区域形状界限随超压阈值的变化

Fig.16 Boundaries of different contour types due to the change of overpressure threshold

参考文献 22

[1]	胡宏伟, 肖川. 阵列爆炸——一种常规高效毁伤技术[J]. 含能材料, 2019, 27(9):717-719.
	HU H W, XIAO C. Array explosion: a conventional and efficient damage technology[J]. Chinese Journal of. Energetic Materials, 2019, 27(9): 717-719. (in Chinese)
[2]	胡宏伟, 肖川, 冯海云, 等. 双装药多层箱体内部爆炸的破坏效应试验研究[J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2022, 42(4):331-339.
	HU H W, XIAO C, FENG H Y, et al. Experiment study on damage effect of two charges internal explosion in multi-cabin structure[J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2022, 42(4):331-339. (in Chinese)
[3]	MACH E, MACH L. Ueber die Interferenz der Schallwellen von grosser Excursion[J]. Annalen der Physik, 1890, 277(9): 140-143.(in German) doi: 10.1002/andp.v277:9 URL
[4]	CRANZ C, SCHARDIN H. Kinematographie auf ruhendem Film und mit extrem hoher Bildfrequenz[J]. Zeitschrift Für Physik, 1929, 56(3/4):147-183. (in German) doi: 10.1007/BF01342777 URL
[5]	KLEINE H, LYAKHOV V N, GVOZDEVA L G, et al. Bifurcation of a reflected shock wave in a shock tube[C]//Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Shock Waves. Sendai, Japan: Springer, 1992: 261-266.
[6]	胡宏伟, 宋浦, 郭炜, 等. 地面爆炸冲击波的相互作用[J]. 高压物理学报, 2014(3):353-357.
	HU H W, SONG P, GUO W, et al. Interaction of shock waves in ground burst[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2014, 28(3): 353-357. (in Chinese)
[7]	NEEDHAM C E. Blast waves[M]. Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany: Springer, 2010: 313-330.
[8]	BRODE H L. Quick estimates of peak overpressure from two simultaneous blast waves:AD-A-059940[R]. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, US: Defense Nuclear Agency, 1977.
[9]	QIU S, ELIASSON V. Interaction and coalescence of multiple simultaneous and non-simultaneous blast waves[J]. Shock Waves, 2016, 26:287-297. doi: 10.1007/s00193-015-0567-2 URL
[10]	WANG S Y, QIU J L, WANG Y W, et al. Study on the factors influencing the interaction and coalescence of shock waves from multiple explosion sources in free field[J]. Shock Waves, 2023, 33(1): 51-60. doi: 10.1007/s00193-022-01111-4
[11]	郗洪柱, 孔德仁, 乐贵高, 等. 圆柱装药近地空爆冲击波峰值超压空间转换模型[J]. 高压物理学报, 2021, 35(3): 032301.
	XI H Z, KONG D R, LE G G, et al. Space conversion model of peak overpressure in near-earth air blast shockwave with cylindrical charge[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2021, 35(3): 032301. (in Chinese)
[12]	廖真, 唐德高, 李治中, 等. 近地面空中爆炸马赫反射数值模拟研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2020, 39(5): 164-169.
	LIAO Z, TANG D G, LI Z Z, et al. Numerical simulation for Mach reflection in air explosion near ground[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2020, 39(5): 164-169. (in Chinese)
[13]	曹涛, 孙浩, 周游, 等. 近地爆炸冲击波传播特性数值模拟与应用[J]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2020, 41(12): 187-191.
	CAO T, SUN H, ZHOU Y, et al. Numerical simulation and application of propagation characteristics of shock wave near ground explosion[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2020, 41(12): 187-191. (in Chinese)
[14]	JARRETT D E. Derivation of the British explosives safety distances[J]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1968, 152(1):18-35. pmid: 5257530
[15]	林尚剑, 王金相, 马腾, 等. 水下多点爆炸冲击波叠加效应研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(增刊1): 39-45.
	LIN S J, WANG J X, MA T, et al. Superimposed effect of shock waves of underwater explosion[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2020, 41(S1): 39-45. (in Chinese)
[16]	鲁忠宝, 黎勤, 胡宏伟, 等. 水下集束式装药爆炸威力特性研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2018, 39(增刊1): 1-8.
	LU Z B, LI Q, HU H W, et al. Research on explosion power of underwater cluster charge[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2018, 39(S1): 1-8. (in Chinese)
[17]	HU H W, SONG P S, GUO S F, et al. Shock wave and bubble characteristics of underwater array explosion of charges[J]. Defence Technology, 2022, 18 (8): 1445-1453. doi: 10.1016/j.dt.2021.05.020
[18]	LEE E, FINGER M, COLLINS W. JWL equation of state coefficients for high explosives:UCID-16189[R]. Livermore, CA, US: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 1973.
[19]	HENRYCH J. The dynamics of explosion and its use[M]. New York, NY, US: Elsevier, 1979.
[20]	KINNEY G F, GRAHAM K J. Explosive shocks in air[M]. 2nd ed. New York, NY, US: Springer-Verlag, 1985.
[21]	中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 爆破安全规程: GB 6722—2014[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017.
	General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. Safety regulations for blasting: GB 6722—2014[S]. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2017. (in Chinese)
[22]	唐正鹏, 李翔宇, 郑监. 多次水下爆炸中船体梁的累积毁伤效应[J]. 高压物理学报, 2022, 36(2): 025102.
	TANG Z P, LI X Y, ZHENG J. Cumulative damage effect of hull girder subjected to multiple underwater explosions[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2022, 36(2): 025102. (in Chinese)