通过弹钢材料提升榴弹威力的原理与方法

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0131

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对典型的自然破片杀伤榴弹，研究通过弹丸壳体材料提升威力的原理与方法，为弹钢材料创新、发展与应用等提供理论和技术支撑。采用理论推导与试验研究相结合的手段，提出了通过调控弹钢材料的晶粒平均直径d和破碎尺度参数μ、实现有效破片数暨杀伤威力提升的原理与方法。试制了两种新弹钢40SiMn2X和50SiMnX，选择一种122 mm榴弹弹丸结构，进行制式壳体材料50SiMnVB和两种新材料各2发的静爆威力对比试验。研究结果表明，所提出的榴弹威力提升原理与方法具有科学性、合理性和实用性；新弹钢40SiMn2X和50SiMnX力学性能优越，对轻型装甲车辆和人员目标的杀伤威力半径比50SiMnVB分别提高了31.6%和12.3%，且均能够兼顾两种目标实现共同提升，具有重要的工程应用前景。

关键词: 榴弹威力提升, 弹钢, 晶粒尺寸, 有效破片数

Abstract: This study investigates the principle and method of enhancing the power of natural fragmentation projectiles (warheads) such as grenades through changing the steel material, providing theoretical and technical support for the innovation, development, and application of shell materials. Through theoretical deduction and experimental study, the principle and method are developed-to improve power by adjusting the grain size d and the scale parameter μ of the steel. Based on this, two new steel materials for projectiles, 40SiMn2X and 50SiMnX, are produced, and a 122 mm grenade projectile structure is selected for tests. Static explosive power tests are conducted using standard shell material 50SiMnVB and two new materials for comparison. The results show that the principle and method of enhancing grenade power by changing steel material are scientific, reasonable, and practical. The new shell steel 40SiMn2X and 50SiMnX exhibit excellent mechanical properties, and have increased the radius of power for light armored vehicles and personnel targets by 31.6% and 12.3%, respectively. Both two materials have achieved progress in applications against both targets, showing important application value.

Key words: armamentscienceandtechnology, grenadepowerincreased, steelforprojectiles, grainsize, effectivefragmentnumber

中图分类号:

TJ410.4

王树山, 赵传, 孙雨荟, 刘东奇, 张学军, 王光志. 通过弹钢材料提升榴弹威力的原理与方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(9): 2291-2299.

WANG Shushan, ZHAO Chuan, SUN Yuhui, LIU Dongqi, ZHANG Xuejun, WANG Guangzhi. Principle and Method of Enhancing Grenade Power by Changing the Steel Material[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(9): 2291-2299.

参考文献

［1］王树山.终点效应学[M].北京:科学出版社，2019.
WANG S S. Terminal effects[M].Beijing:Science Press，2019. (in Chinese)
[2] 卢海涛.不同热处理对弹体材料性能与破片形成的影响[D].南京：南京理工大学，2015.
LU H T. Effects of different heat treatments on material properties and fragmentation of projectile[D].Nanjing：Nanjing University of Science and Technology，2015. (in Chinese)
[3] 陈志闯，李伟兵，朱建军，等.40CrMnSiB钢圆柱壳体膨胀断裂中间状态回收试验研究[J].兵工学报，2018，39(11):2137-2144.
CHEN Z C，LI W B，ZHU J J，et al.Recovery experiment study of cylindrical 40CrMnSiB steel shell in intermediate phase of expanding fracture processes[J].Acta Armamentarii，2018，39(11): 2137-2144. (in Chinese)
[4] LIENAU C C.Random fracture of a brittle solid [J].Journal of the Franklin Institute，1936，221(5):673-686.
[5] MOTT N F，LINFOOT E H.A theory of fragmentation[R].AC3348，UK:Ministry of Supply，1943.
[6] GRADY D E，KIPP M E.Geometric statistics and dynamic fragmentation[J].Journal of Applied Physics，1985，58(3):1210- 1222.
[7] MOTT N F.Fragmentation of shell cases[J].Mathematical and Physical Sciences，1947，189:300-308.
[8] GRADY D E.Particle size statistics in dynamic fragmentation[J].Journal of Applied Physics，1990，68(12):6099-6105.
[9] BEETLE J C，RINNOVATORE J V，CORRIE J D.Fracture morphology of explosively loaded steel cylinders[C]∥Proceedings of the Scanning Electron Microscope Symposium. Chicago，MI，US:Elsevier，1971:137-144.
[10] CROSSLAND B.Mechanical properties at high rates of strain[J].Physics Bulletin，1976，27(1):30-30.
[11] PEARSON J，RINEHART J S.Deformation and fracturing of thick-walled steel cylinders under explosive attack[J].Journal of Applied Physics，1972，23(4):434-441.
[12] GOTO D M，BECKER R，ORZECHOWSKI T J，et al.Investigation of the fracture and fragmentation of explosively driven rings and cylinders[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering，2008，35:1547-1556.
[13] 隋树元，王淼勋，马晓青.爆炸载荷下金属材料断裂机制的实验研究[J].北京理工大学学报，2000，20(2):197-200.
SUI S Y，WANG M X，MA X Q.An experimental research on material fracture mechanism in explosive loading[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology，2000，20(2):197-200. (in Chinese)
[14] 胡八一，董庆东，韩长生，等.内部爆轰加载下的钢管膨胀断裂研究[J].爆炸与冲击，1993，13(1):49-54.
HU B Y，DONG Q D，HAN C S，et al.Studies of expansion and fracture of explosive-filled steel cylinders[J].Explosion and Shock Waves，1993，13(1):49-54. (in Chinese)
[15] 阎建国，闵恩泽，张树才.大口径榴弹钢破片的分析[J].金属材料与热加工工艺，1983(1):51-59.
YAN J G，MIN E Z，ZHANG S C.Analysis of large diameter grenade steel fragments[J].Ordnance Material Science and Engineering，1983(1):51-59.(in Chinese)
[16] 朱建军，李伟兵，王晓鸣，等.回火温度对50SiMnVB钢壳体形成破片性能的影响[J].兵工学报，2015，36(11):2080-2086.
ZHU J J，LI W B，WANG X M，et al. Effect of tempering temperature on the forming properties of fragments of 50SiMnVB steel shell[J].Acta Armamentarii，2015，36(11):2080-2086. (in Chinese)
[17] 孔祥韶，吴卫国，杜志鹏，等.起爆点位置对战斗部爆炸破片特性的影响[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报，2013，34(7):855-861.
KONG X S，WU W G，DU Z P，et al. Research on fragments characteristic of cylindrical warhead when detonated at different points[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University，2013，34(7): 855-861. (in Chinese)
[18] GRADY D E. Fragmentation of rings and shells [M].Berlin，Heidelberg，Germany:Springer，2006.
[19] 刘东奇，赵传，兰宇鹏，等.典型榴弹自然破片质量分布的表征模型[J].兵器材料科学与工程，2021，44(3):21-27.
LIU D Q，ZHAO C，LAN Y P，et al.The representation model of natural fragment mass distribution of typical grenade[J].Ordnance Material Science and Engineering，2021，44(3):21-27. (in Chinese)
[20] 黄长强，朱鹤松.球形破片对靶板极限穿透速度公式的建立[J].弹箭与制导学报，1993(2):58-61.
HUANG C Q，ZHU H S.Establishment of the formula of limit penetration velocity of spherical fragment to target plate[J]. Journal of Projectiles，Arrows and Guidance，1993(2):58-61.(in Chinese)
[21] ZHAO C，WANG S S，GUO C A，et al.Experimental study on fragmentation of explosive loaded steel projectile[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering，2020，144:103610.
[22] ZHAO C，WANG S S，GUO C A，et al. Mechanism of microscopic fracture of typical shell steel under impact loading[J].Shock and Vibration，2022:1508114.
[23] 陆树荪.有色铸造合金及熔炼[M].北京：国防工业出版社，1983.
LU S S.Non-ferrous casting alloys and smelting[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press，1983. (in Chinese)
[24] 刘宗昌，冯佃臣.热处理工艺学[M].北京：冶金工业出版社，2015.
LIU Z C，FENG D C.Heat treatment technology[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press，2015. (in Chinese)
[25] 王树山，赵传，刘东奇，等.一种用于自然破片战斗部的弹钢及其制备方法:CN113249653A[P].2022-02-08.
WANG S S，ZHAO C，LIU D Q，et al.The invention relates to projectile steel used for natural fragment warhead and a preparation method:CN113249653A[P].2022-02-08. (in Chinese)
[26] 王树山，赵传，孙雨荟，等.一种高强度榴弹弹钢及其制备方法:CN113215493A[P]. 2022-01-07.
WANG S S，ZHAO C，SUN Y H，et al.The invention relates to a high strength grenade steel and a preparation method:CN113215493A[P].2022-01-07. (in Chinese)
[27] 金属材料拉伸试验第1部分:室温试验方法: GB/T 228.1—2021[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2021.
Metallic materials-tensile testing-Part 1:method of test at room temperature: GB/T 228.1—2021[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China, 2021. (in Chinese)
[28] 炮弹试验方法: GJB 3197—1998[S]. 北京:总装备部军标出版发行部, 1998.
Test method for projectile: GJB 3197—1998[S]. Beijing:Military Standard Publishing and Distribution Department of GAD, 1998. (in Chinese)
[29] 王树山，韩旭光，王新颖.杀伤爆破弹综合威力评估方法与应用研究[J].兵工学报，2017，38(7):1249-1254.
WANGS S，HAN X G，WANG X Y.Research on evaluation method of comprehensive power of high explosive warhead and its application[J].Acta Armamentarii，2017，38(7):1249-1254.(in Chinese)